Carbon nanoparticle with high specific surface area and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a carbon nanoparticle with a high specific surface area and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, dispersing a hydrophobic initiator and a surfactant into water, injecting a reaction monomer 1 and an acrylonitrile monomer and reacting; and meanwhile, adding the surfactant into a reaction system, reacting and then acquiring compound latex A; treating the compound latex A and coating a protecting layer on the surface thereof, thereby acquiring compound latex B; and drying, pre-oxidizing and carbonizing the compound latex B, thereby acquiring the solid carbon nanoparticle with the high specific surface area. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simpleness and high efficiency; the finally prepared carbon nanoparticle has excellent dispersity, high size control accuracy and high specific surface area; and the diameter of the carbon nanoparticle is within 50-100nm and the specific surface area is within 700-1500m<2> / g.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of carbon nano material preparation, and relates to a carbon nano microsphere with a high specific surface area and a preparation method thereof. Background technique [0002] As a branch of carbon nanomaterials, carbon nanospheres have many excellent properties such as low density, large specific surface area, good stability, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and good biocompatibility. They are widely used in catalyst carriers, adsorption materials, waste water, etc. processing, CO 2 Capture, lithium-ion battery anode materials, supercapacitor electrode materials, hydrogen storage materials and drug delivery vehicles and other fields. [0003] At present, the synthesis methods of carbon nanospheres mainly include chemical vapor deposition method, liquid phase method and template method. [0004] The chemical vapor deposition method is a process in which the reacting substances undergo a chemical reacti...

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Problems solved by technology

[0004] The chemical vapor deposition method is a process in which the reacting substances undergo a chemical reaction under gaseous conditions to form a solid substance that is deposited on the surface of a heated solid substrate to obtain a solid material. The preparation process is relatively simple, but metal oxides are often used in the production process. As a catalyst, most of them are accompanied by a large number of by-products; the liquid-phase method mainly uses water or an organic solvent as a medium, and in a closed container (such as a high-pressure reactor), at a certain temperature and pressure, the reactants change to form nano-particles. A synthetic method of spheres, with high preparation cost and long reaction time, is not suitable for industrial application; the template method can confine the nanoparticles in the matrix structure of the template, thereby improving the stability of the nanoparticles and controlling their growth direction, However, in the synthesis process, it is often necessary to use a corrosive acid or alkali treatment to remove the sacrificial inorganic template. If the sacrificial template is not used, the carbonized product needs to be activated at high temperature to obtain a porous carbon material. Activated Methods include physical activation and chemical activation, and physical activation usually uses CO 2 , air or water vapor as the activator, while chemical activation usually uses KOH, ZnCl 2 、K 2 CO 3 、H 3 PO 4 etc. are activators, but the addition of a large amount of strong alkali requires a large amount of acid for neutralization and washing during post-treatment, and the preparation process is relatively complicated

[0005] In practical applications, because carbon nanospheres not only have excellent chemical properties of organic substances but also have strong thermal stability, wear resistance and acid and alkali resistance of inorganic substances, they are often used as additive materials to prepare organic-inorganic composite nanomaterials. However, there is a π-π conjugated system and a strong van der Waals force between the balls, which leads to the adhesion and agglomeration of the carbon nanospheres, and it is difficult to disperse uniformly in the polymer, so that the carbon nanospheres Poor compatibility between nanospheres and polymers

At the same time, when polymer nanospheres are used as templates to prepare carbon nanospheres by pyrolysis treatment, the specific surface area of ​​the obtained carbon nanospheres is also limited by the size of the carbon nanospheres during the heat treatment process due to the fact that the adhesion between the nanospheres is very easy to occur. limit, thereby affecting the adsorption and catalytic performance of carbon nanospheres, making the further popularization and application of carbon nanospheres limited. In the method of one layer of inorganic salt, Lei Zhibin et al. used the method of hydrolyzing orthosilicate to form a thin layer of silicon dioxide on the surface of polyaniline nanocolloids. Although the introduction of these two methods inhibited the formation of carbon nanospheres to a certain extent. Inter-adhesion, but the degree of inhibition is limited. Therefore, the specific surface area of ​​carbon nano-microspheres is limited. At the same time, the protective layer of the outermost layer of carbon nano-microspheres needs to be washed off by strong acid treatment. The process is more complicated and the cost is high. In addition, the size of most of the carbon nanospheres currently disclosed is above the micron level, and the size controllability is poor.