88 results about "Redox status" patented technology

The present invention discloses a widely wavelength tunable polychrome colloidal photonic crystal device whose optical Bragg diffraction stop bands and higher energy bands wavelength, width and intensity can be tuned in a continuous and fine, rapid and reversible, reproducible and predictable fashion and over a broad spectral range by a controlled expansion or contraction of the colloidal photonic lattice dimension, effected by a predetermined change in the electronic configuration of the composite material. In its preferred embodiment, the material is a composite in the form of a film or a patterned film or shape of any dimension or array of shapes of any dimension comprised of an organized array of microspheres in a matrix of a cross-linked metallopolymer network with a continuously variable redox state of charge and fluid content. The chemo-mechanical and electro-mechanical optical response of the colloidal photonic crystal-metallopolymer gel is exceptionally fast and reversible, attaining its fully swollen state from the dry shrunken state and vice versa on a sub-second time-scale. These composite materials can be inverted by removal of the constituent microspheres from the aforementioned colloidal photonic crystal metallopolymer-gel network to create a macroporous metallopolymer-gel network inverse colloidal photonic crystal film or patterned film or shape of any dimension optical Bragg diffraction stop bands and higher energy bands wavelength, width and intensity can be redox tuned in a continuous and fine, rapid and reversible, reproducible and predictable fashion and over a broad spectral range by a controlled expansion or contraction of the colloidal photonic lattice dimensions.

Contemplated electrochemical devices and methods include an electrolyte flow path in which substantially all of the electrolyte has laminar flow. A segmented electrode contacts the electrolyte, and each of the segments in the segmented electrode is preferably coupled to a control device to provide control over the flow of current to and / or from the electrolyte. Thus, it should be appreciated that the redox state of the electrolyte can be changed in a single-pass through the flow path, which effectively eliminates problems associated with mass transport phenomena and reduced current efficiency.

An electrochemical device is provided, comprising a source contact connected to a first antenna pad, a drain contact connected to a second antenna pad, at least one gate electrode, an electrochemically active element arranged between, and in direct electrical contact with, the source and drain contacts, which electrochemically active element comprises a transistor channel and is of a material comprising an organic material having the ability of electrochemically altering its conductivity through change of redox state thereof, and a solidified electrolyte in direct electrical contact with the electrochemically active element and the at least one gate electrode and interposed between them in such a way that electron flow between the electrochemically active element and the gate electrode(s) is prevented. In the device, flow of electrons between source contact and drain contact is controllable by means of a voltage applied to the gate electrode(s).

Phthalazinediones that function as intracellular redox modulators are useful in treating cells in various disease states where intracellular redox status is impaired. By buffering aberrant redox states, phthalazinediones enable cellular processes essential for survival and augment medical treatments. The phthalazinediones of the invention can modulate functions related to cell growth, differentiation, activity, or death, to correct aberrations and restore homeostasis, and can serve as adjunctive therapy in treating various disease conditions.

Methods of producing electrochemical transistor devices are provided, wherein a solidified electrolyte is arranged in direct contact with at least a portion of an organic material having the ability to electrochemically altering its electrical conductivity through change of redox state thereof, such that a current between a source contact and a drain contact of the transistor is controllable by way of a voltage applied to a gate electrode. A electrochemical transistor device is also provided, wherein an ion isolative material is provided between a solidified electrolyte and an organic material having ability to electrochemically altering its redox state, such that a transistor channel of the transistor is defined thereby.