90 results about "Viterbi detector" patented technology

Embodiments of the present invention relate to the detection of synchronization marks in data storage and retrieval. According to one embodiment, synchronization marks are detected from the output of a matched filter, upstream of the Viterbi detector. This approach avoids the delay associated with the latency of the Viterbi output, thereby allowing time to align parity framing and to properly start the time-varying trellis. Certain embodiments disclose 34- and 20-bit primary synchronization marks located at the beginning of a data region. Other embodiments disclose 16-, 20-, and 24-bit embedded synchronization marks located within a data region.

A media noise optimized (MNO) detector for a read channel compensates for pattern dependent media noise, and compensates for nonlinearities from many sources such as residual MR nonlinearity, residual nonlinear transition shift, partial erasure, write-induced nonlinearity, and steady-state mis-equalization. The MNO detector is implemented by adjusting a conventional Viterbi detector branch metric so that the channel output value (ideal value) can be a nonlinear function of the state / branch bits, and the branch metric scaling factor is a function of the state / branch. For a given state / branch, the ideal value is the mean of analog-to-digital converter samples for the pattern corresponding to the state / branch, and the branch metric scaling factor is proportional to the noise variance for the pattern corresponding to that state / branch.

A partial response (PR) waveform generator generates a digital value sequence of an expected PR waveform based on the output of a soft-decision Viterbi detector included in, for example, a first-stage decoder unit incorporated in an iterative decoder. The generator also generates flag information indicative of whether reliability of the digital value sequence is low or high, in parallel with the generation of the digital value sequence. An error detector detects error values in a PR equalized sample value sequence, needed for feedback control of a control target, using the digital value sequence of the expected PR waveform as a digital value sequence of a reference waveform. An error output controller controls the output of the error values detected by the error detector in accordance with the state of the flag information generated by the generator.

A system for pattern dependent equalization has an equalizer bank and a detector. The equalizer bank has a plurality of equalizers, which are each tuned to a selected data pattern. The detector may be a standard sequence detector or a modified Viterbi detector, which calculates the branch metric using a pattern dependent equalized output and a pattern-dependent target. A method of decoding data uses a pattern dependent equalizer bank. The pattern dependent equalizer bank processes a segment of a bit sequence to produce an equalized pattern-dependent output for each equalizer in parallel. The detector then detects the bit sequence using the branch metric calculation to select the smallest accumulated path metric.

An evaluating device including: a Viterbi detector to perform bit detection by Viterbi detection from a reproduced signal in which bit information is reproduced; a metric difference calculator to calculate a metric difference between values of path metrics for a second path and a maximum likelihood path when at least an error pattern between the maximum likelihood path as a path surviving as a result of path selection by the Viterbi detector and the second path compared finally with the maximum likelihood path corresponds to one of a predetermined plural error patterns; and an evaluation value calculator to compare each of values of metric differences calculated by the metric difference calculator for each error pattern, with an individual threshold value obtained by dividing a Euclidean distance between the maximum likelihood path and the second path in each error pattern by a common value, and calculate a total number of values of the metric differences less than the threshold value as an evaluation value.

A partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) data detecting in a magnetic recording storage device is carried out with a preliminary measuring of write-read channel responses to all nonzero binary combinations of a given length. Decoding of the user data is performed according to a Viterbi algorithm, where the previously measured responses are used as expected samples for branch metric calculations. The measurement of the write-read channel responses and the decoding of the user data are fulfilled by a self-adjusting PRML receiver that contains a controllable clock recovery, a responses accumulator and an adjustable Viterbi detector. The controllable clock recovery produces a set of read-back signal samples containing exactly one sample per bit with or without phase error correction. The responses accumulator calculates averaged responses of the write-read channel. The adjustable Viterbi detector reconstructs the user data that were written to the disk.

A two-stage sampling data detector for a partial response channel having a channel code encoder for encoding user information sequences into blocks of code words in accordance with a predetermined channel block code characterized by a list of most likely error-events comprising impermissible code words. The detector includes a first-stage detector, such as a Viterbi detector, connected to receive samples from the partial response channel and matched to characteristics of the channel and not to the channel code, puts out unchecked bit estimates. A second stage post-processor checks the bit estimates in relation to derived detector decision metrics information and the channel block code, and puts out post-processed bit estimates to a channel code decoder after correcting detected erroneous sequences in accordance with the decision metrics information, information derived from the channel code, and the list of most likely error-events. A method for generating the channel block code is also described.

The invention includes apparatus and methods that allow a data storage device perform an enhanced data recovery procedure (DRP) that includes obtaining a new digital sampling of the voltages for the failing unit of data by re-reading the analog signal and converting it to digital form using an analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) using a fixed phase clock signal. The data samples are re-interpolated using a programmable delay line. The digital values representing the voltages are stored a buffer so that the data can be processed repeatedly using varying parameters as part of the data recovery procedure. Optionally the samples stored in the buffer can be processed in the reverse direction (from end of sector to beginning of sector) without requiring modification of the standard Viterbi detector since it inherently works on data processed in either direction.

A reduced-state Viterbi detector is disclosed that precomputes branch metrics for a multiple-step trellis for speculative sequences of one or more channel symbols; selects one of said precomputed branch metrics for multi-step state transitions based on at least one multi-step decision from at least one corresponding state; and selects a path having a best path metric for a given state.

A survival selection rule for determining a Viterbi output. A survival selection rule according to the present invention compares paths at a plurality of endpoint states but fewer than the total number of endpoint states. Viterbi detectors using the present invention provide high performance, easier implementation, and error degradation comparable to conventional methods.

In one embodiment, irregular electronic disturbance signals in a partial-response read channel are detected by a disturbance detector using state metrics generated by maximum-likelihood sequence detector. For example, a thermal asperity (TA) detector detects the occurrence of TAs in the read channel of perpendicularly recorded magnetic media by using the state metrics generated by a Viterbi detector. Changes in state metrics (e.g., magnitudes of the branch metrics of the trellis diagram) used by the Viterbi detector are tracked. If the magnitude of the rise of the path metric increases above a set threshold, then a TA is detected. Alternatively, or additionally, the rate of change of the magnitude of the path metrics is tracked. If the rate of change within a set time window is above a specified threshold, then a TA is detected.

A reduced-state Viterbi detector is disclosed that precomputes branch metrics for a multiple-step trellis for speculative sequences of one or more channel symbols; selects one of said precomputed branch metrics for multi-step state transitions based on at least one multi-step decision from at least one corresponding state; and selects a path having a best path metric for a given state.

An adaptive Viterbi equalizing method and a related apparatus are disclosed. The apparatus includes a match filter for equalizing a plurality of original symbols of a received signal to generate a plurality of equalized symbols according to a plurality of channel responses, a Viterbi detector for generating a soft-decision value corresponding to a specific original symbol and generating a plurality of hard-decision values corresponding to the original symbols according to the equalized symbols, and an adaptive channel estimation circuit for generating a reproduced symbol through utilizing the channel responses and the hard-decision values and for adjusting one of the channel responses through utilizing the soft-decision value and a difference between the reproduced symbol and the specific original symbol.

A pipelined decision feedback unit (DFU) is disclosed for use in reduced-state Viterbi detectors with local feedback. The disclosed pipelined decision feedback unit improves the maximum data rate that may be achieved by the reduced state Viterbi detector by the pipelined computation of partial intersymbol interfence-based estimates. A pipelined decision feedback unit is thus disclosed that computes a plurality of partial intersymbol interference based estimates, wherein at least one partial intersymbol interference-based estimate is based on a selected partial intersymbol interference-based estimate; and selects the selected partial intersymbol interference-based estimate from among partial intersymbol interference-based estimates for path extensions into a state.

A data reproduction apparatus for adjusting filter coefficients of an equalizer including a digital filter, and connected before a Viterbi detector and a method therefor. A level of the output value of the equalizer is detected based on a reference level set in the Viterbi detector, and a level error of the detected level with respect to a predetermined reference value is detected. The filter coefficients of the equalizer are adjusted such that the level error is minimized, thereby improving the detection performance of the Viterbi detector.

Apparatuses and methods are provided for adaptively updating a target for a recording channel, such as a magnetic recording channel. In some embodiments, a read channel apparatus is provided which includes data path modules and adaptive path modules. The data path modules estimate user information from a recording channel, and the adaptive path modules adaptively update the target taps of the recording channel. The adaptive path modules may use a linearly constrained least-mean square (LC-LMS) algorithm to determine the amount and direction of each tap update, where the linear constraint may be a maximum phase or a mixed phase constraint. The adaptive path modules may operate independently of and be decoupled from the data path modules.

A method and apparatus are disclosed for improving the maximum data rate of reduced-state Viterbi detectors with local feedback. The maximum data rate that may be achieved by the disclosed reduced-state Viterbi detectors is improved by precomputing a number of candidate branch metrics and performing pipelined selection of an appropriate branch metric. A reduced-state Viterbi detector is thus disclosed that precomputes branch metrics for speculative sequences of one or more channel symbols; selects one of said precomputed branch metrics based on at least one decision from at least one corresponding state using at least two pipeline registers; and selects a path having a best path metric for a given state.

In one embodiment, irregular electronic disturbance signals in a partial-response read channel are detected by a disturbance detector using state metrics generated by maximum-likelihood sequence detector. For example, a thermal asperity (TA) detector detects the occurrence of TAs in the read channel of perpendicularly recorded magnetic media by using the state metrics generated by a Viterbi detector. Changes in state metrics (e.g., magnitudes of the branch metrics of the trellis diagram) used by the Viterbi detector are tracked. If the magnitude of the rise of the path metric increases above a set threshold, then a TA is detected. Alternatively, or additionally, the rate of change of the magnitude of the path metrics is tracked. If the rate of change within a set time window is above a specified threshold, then a TA is detected.

A system and method for partial erasure compensation for a read channel is disclosed. The method comprises receiving a signal at a first state, the first state having a branch extending to each of a plurality of possible next states, each branch corresponding to a target value, determining a partial erasure compensation for each of the target values corresponding to a branch between the first state and each of the possible next states based upon the first state and each of the possible next states, the partial erasure compensation being a function of an amplitude reduce by partial erasure, and modifying the target value with the determined partial erasure compensation.

An apparatus that uses a lengthened equalization target filter with a matched filter metric in a Viterbi detector is disclosed. The equalization target includes a base partial response component, i.e., (1−D2), a fractional coefficient polynomial component to whiten the noise, i.e., (1+p1D+p2D2), and a time-reversed replica of the noise-whitening component. Thus, the time-reversed replica of the noise-whitening component comes from what was formerly a matched filter component.

An apparatus and method for adding errors to magnetic data and then detecting the errors is revealed. The method includes providing a magnetic recording channel, reading and digitizing a stored signal, introducing an error signal that emulates off-track interference, adding the error to the digitized signal, and determining an error rate. The apparatus includes a magnetic recording channel having a linear feedback shift register to generate a pseudo-random binary sequence, circuitry to convert the sequence into an error signal, and a Viterbi detector to quantify an error rate.

An optical disc reproducing apparatus including a viterbi detector for an optical disc in which digital data is stored includes an optical pick-up for reading digital data stored in the optical disc and for generating a high frequency signal, an analog-to-digital converter for sampling and quantizing the high frequency signal, and a viterbi detector for decoding a quantized signal output from the analog-to digital converter and reproducing an eight to fourteen modulation (EFM) / EFM+signal. The viterbi detector includes a branch metric calculator for receiving a signal constituted of n bits, for comparing the signal with previously set three variables, and for calculating a branch metric with respect to the input signal. A path metric update and storage unit receives the branch metric, adds the branch metric to values stored therein, compares the error content of all the possible paths with each other, and stores a metric with respect to the path having the smallest amount of errors. A path memory receives the output signal of the path metric update and storage unit and generates a viterbi decoded recovery signal. A stable eight to fourteen modulation (EFM) / EFM+signal is reproduced.

A method and apparatus are disclosed for improving the maximum data rate of reduced-state Viterbi detectors with local feedback. The maximum data rate that may be achieved by the disclosed reduced-state Viterbi detectors is improved by precomputing a number of candidate intersymbol interference estimates and performing pipelined selection of an appropriate intersymbol interference estimate. A reduced-state Viterbi detector is thus disclosed that precomputes intersymbol interference estimates for speculative sequences of one or more channel symbols; selects one of said precomputed intersymbol interference estimates based on at least one decision from at least one corresponding state using at least two pipeline registers; and selects a path having a best path metric for a given state. In an alternative implementation, intersymbol interference estimate-free signal estimates are selected among precomputed ones.

A method and apparatus are disclosed for improving the maximum data rate of reduced-state Viterbi detectors with local feedback. The maximum data rate that may be achieved by the disclosed reduced state Viterbi detectors is improved by precomputing a number of candidate branch metrics and performing pipelined selection of an appropriate branch metric. A reduced state Viterbi detector is thus disclosed that precomputes branch metrics for speculative sequences of one or more channel symbols; selects one of said precomputed branch metrics based on at least one decision from at least one corresponding state using at least two pipeline registers; and selects a path having a best path metric for a given state.

An apparatus that uses a lengthened equalization target filter with a matched filter metric in a Viterbi detector is disclosed. The equalization target includes a base partial response component, i.e., (1−D2), a fractional coefficient polynomial component to whiten the noise, i.e., (1+p1D+p2D2), and a time-reversed replica of the noise-whitening component. Thus, the time-reversed replica of the noise-whitening component comes from what was formerly a matched filter component.

The invention relates to an electronic circuit for decoding a read signal from an optical storage medium, the electronic circuit comprising a limit equalizer for amplification of high frequency read signal components without substantially increasing inter-symbol interference, a Viterbi detector being coupled to an output of the limit equalizer for providing the decoded read signal, a coefficient adaptation circuit for tuning the limit equalizer to a partial response target.

The invention relates to a maximum likelihood decoder, a signal evaluation method and represent device, wherein said device decoder comprises: a Viterbi detector for detecting the bit of represent signal that representing the bit information, to set the reference level used to calculate branch metric; a Oldham's distance calculator for calculating the maximum likelihood path as the result of path selector and the Oldham's distance between it and the second path compared with the maximum likelihood path; a metric difference calculator for based on the represent signal, the maximum likelihood path and the second path, calculating the path metric value of second path and the metric difference between said path metric values; a sample average calculator for sampling said Oldham's distance between the maximum likelihood path and the second path, to calculate the average of Oldham's distance; and a variance calculator for calculating the variance of metric difference.

A method and apparatus are disclosed for improving the maximum data rate of reduced-state Viterbi detectors with local feedback in magnetic recording systems. A read channel signal is processed in a magnetic recording device by precomputing branch metrics, intersymbol interference estimates or intersymbol interference-free signal estimates for speculative sequences of one or more channel symbols; selecting one of the precomputed values based on at least one decision from at least one corresponding state; and selecting a path having a best path metric for a given state.

A decoding apparatuses and a method utilized in an optical storage device are disclosed. The decoding apparatus includes: a level slicer for setting a plurality of adjustable boundary values to distinguish a plurality of signal regions, and outputting a set of state values in accordance with signal regions corresponding to an input value; and a Viterbi detector coupled to the level slicer for decoding a transmission data according to the state value.