Below ground sensor systems including at least one sensor and optionally a
base station for communicating sensed
soil parameters in agricultural fields are described. In an aspect of the disclosure there is provided a
sensor system comprising a
base station positioned on a ground surface of soil of an agricultural field, partially in the soil, or below ground surface of the soil. The
base station includes a first
transceiver that is configured to transmit electromagnetic (EM) signals to an
above ground entity and a second
transceiver that is configured to transmit EM signals downwards through the soil and a below ground sensor device is positioned at a depth in the soil below a
tillage depth. The sensor device is configured to generate an
electromagnetic field through soil to transmit EM signals to the base
station and to receive the EM signals from the base
station for bi-directional communications between the sensor device and the base
station.