180results about How to "Shorten ignition time" patented technology

A disclosed method provides techniques for forming low-cost, mechanically strong, highly electronically conductive porous structures for solid-state electrochemical devices. In particular, a method of forming a ceramic film on a substrate using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is described. The method employs a colloidal dispersion of particles during the EPD process where a distribution of particle sizes is selected to eliminate drying cracks in the ceramic film prior to firing of the ceramic film-coated substrate. The method may be used to provide a high-density green film which can be sintered on to a non-shrinking substrate. For instance, a thin film of YSZ with a high green density may be sintered on to a non-shrinking LSM substrate. In particular embodiments, the distribution of particle sizes used in the EPD process may be selected to reduce a firing temperature and a firing time during sintering of the film coated substrate.

In an automatic stop device that automatically stops the operation of an internal combustion engine after a predetermined automatic stop condition is satisfied, a load acting on the engine is removed when the automatic stop condition is satisfied. When the automatic stop condition is satisfied, the between the magnitude of the load on the internal combustion engine before and after of the automatic stop condition is satisfied is determined, and an ignition timing retard amount of an ignition plug is decided such that the retard amount is increased as the difference becomes greater. The ignition timing is retarded by the retard amount substantially at the same moment as the load removing operation before the automatic stop control is initiated.

An exhaust emission control system for an internal combustion engine, having a nitrogen oxide removing device provided in an exhaust system of said engine for absorbing nitrogen oxide contained in exhaust gases in an exhaust lean condition. An amount of change per unit time in the sulfur oxide amount absorbed in the nitrogen oxide removing device is estimated according to the air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture supplied to said engine and the operating condition of said engine. The estimated amount of change is accumulated to thereby estimate the sulfur oxide amount absorbed in the nitrogen oxide removing device. The sulfur oxide is removed from the nitrogen oxide removing device when the estimated sulfur oxide amount has reached a set value.

In a method for operating an internal combustion engine in which fuel is injected directly into a combustion chamber in a pre-injection and a main fuel injection step, and, if appropriate, also in a post-injection step by means of an injection nozzle with a plurality of injection bores, the injection of fuel takes place in a timed fashion and, to limit pressure and temperature during combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber, a quantity of water is introduced into the combustion chamber during or after the pre-injection step.

Geopolymer composite materials having low coefficient of thermal expansion are disclosed. The materials are useful in high temperature applications due to their low coefficient of thermal expansion and high strength. Also disclosed is a boron modified water glass geopolymer composition that is compatible with ceramic particulate material such as cordierite and fused silica. The geopolymer composite may be extruded to form structures such as honeycomb monoliths, flow filters or used as a plugging or skinning cement and may be fired at temperatures at or below 1100° C. Both the structures and the cement have high green and fired strength, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and good acid durability. The cost of manufacturing objects using the material of the present invention is substantially reduced, in comparison with typically production methods of cordierite based bodies, due to the substantially shortened firing times.

A vehicle control method for a vehicle having an internal combustion engine coupled to a torque converter, the torque converter having an input speed and an output speed, the torque converter coupled to a transmission, the transmission coupled to wheels on a road, the method comprising in response to a driver tip-out during at least some conditions, decreasing powertrain output so that positive torque is not transmitted to the wheels, and after said tip-out and in response to a driver tip-in, and at least during transitioning to transmission of positive powertrain torque to the wheels, retarding ignition timing while adjusting engine airflow until torque converter input speed is greater than torque converter output speed, and then advancing spark angle to rapidly provide output torque.

A controller (2) of the present invention includes a learning section which learns the property of fuel; a control section which controls combustion conditions (compression ratio, ignition timing, etc.) within a combustion chamber (CC) on the basis of the leaned property; and a supply-source-status detection section which detects a change in the statue of a fuel supply source (161) for supplying the fuel to a fuel injector (162). When a change in the status of the fuel supply source (161) is detected, before re-learning of the fuel property, the control section (2) shifts the combustion conditions based on the learned fuel property such that occurrence of anomalous combustion is suppressed.

The invention discloses a completely-integrated impact piece ignitor and a preparation method thereof, which belong to the technical filed of initiators and pyrotechnics. On the basis of a micro electronic mechanical system (MEMS) processing technology, the assembly can be finished in the process of processing a bridge foil, a flying plate, an accelerating chamber and a reflection plate, thus thepreparation method is beneficial to improving the assembly precision of devices. In addition, the completely-integrated impact piece ignitor has the characteristic of parallel processing of an integrated circuit, is convenient to produce in large batch and reduces the manufacturing cost, and is beneficial to improving the consistency and the reliability of the process; and meanwhile, by using themetal bridge foil, the completely-integrated impact piece ignitor has short igniting time and can be widely applied to ignition of a plurality of novel high and safe initiators and pyrotechnics.

An internal combustion engine control apparatus includes an in-cylinder pressure sensor for detecting in-cylinder pressure. A combustion start time and combustion end time, which are parameters serving as control indexes for an internal combustion engine, are determined in accordance with ignition timing. Information about a heat release amount is acquired in accordance with the in-cylinder pressures that are measured at two points by the in-cylinder pressure sensor. The in-cylinder pressure is estimated in accordance with a relationship among the heat release amount information, control index parameters, and in-cylinder pressure.

A rapid catalyst warm-up control device for an internal combustion engine performs irregular injection dither control during the rapid catalyst warm-up control after starting the engine. In the irregular injection dither control, injection modes are switched after every fuel injection to the cylinders (every 180° CA for a 4-cylinder engine) between a lean injection mode and a rich injection mode in such a pattern that rich injections will not occur consecutively for the same cylinder (dither cycle=540° CA, 900° CA, 1080° CA, or the like). In the lean injection mode, fuel is injected such that the air-fuel ratio is leaner than the stoichiometric ratio, and in the rich injection mode, air-fuel ratio is richer than the stoichiometric ratio. The rich gas emitted from the cylinders where the rich injection has been performed is thus allowed to flow through a different catalyst region every time instead of flowing only through the same region.

In a multi-cylinder engine having a compression ignition combustion mode, a vibration detecting sensor that is preferably mounted in a cylinder block or a cylinder head is used to detect a frequency and the detected frequency is appropriately analyzed to detect or estimate a cylinder pressure peak value and peak timing for each cylinder. An amount of internal EGR, a fuel injection condition, an engine speed and the like are then controlled so as to bring each of these parameters into an appropriate range thereof. The control apparatus suppresses variations in combustion states among different cylinders and different cycles arising from unit-to-unit variations or deterioration in the engine or part-to-part variations or deterioration in a component thereof.

The invention discloses a household up-draft biomass gasification device, which has an upright cylinder structure and is characterized in that the household up-draft biomass gasification device comprises a destructive distillation chamber arranged at the upper section thereof, a main gasification chamber arranged at the middle section thereof and an ash chamber arranged at the lower section thereof; all the sections are respectively separated by a heat storage grille and a heat storage grate; and the main gasification chamber is enclosed by a radiation cylinder on the periphery. The household up-draft biomass gasification device has no need of an external firing heat source, fast firing speed and high temperature of the gasification center, remarkably reduces tar content, reduces radiation loss of a furnace body, and has high gasification efficiency, long fire banking time of the gasification furnace, simple and compact structure, convenient operation and low operating cost.

A control device for a premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) internal combustion engine is provided, capable of stable operation over a wide operating range. The control device of an engine 1 comprises: a fuel supply means 20 of supplying the main fuel to the engine 1; an hydrogen supply means 30 of supplying reformed gas containing hydrogen; a fuel supply control unit 41 of controlling an injection timing and an injection period of the main fuel supplied from the injector 22 of the fuel supply means 20 based on the PCCI combustion condition of the engine 1; and a hydrogen supply control unit 42 of controlling an injection timing and an injection period of reformed gas from the gas injector 32 of the hydrogen supply means 30 based on the PCCI combustion condition.

A ceramic sheet 20 is produced by a method in which inorganic particles including, as a main component, an oxide represented by general formula ABO₃ and containing a volatile component are mixed such that the A/B ratio is 1.05 or more, the inorganic particles are formed into a self-supported planar shaped body with a thickness of 30 μm or less, and the shaped body is fired, without an inactive layer or with an inactive layer which does not substantially react with the shaped body and is disposed adjacent to the shaped body, at a temperature-rising rate of 30° C./min or more in a temperature range which is equal to or higher than a temperature at which the volatile component is volatilized.

The invention discloses a metal film bridge igniter and a preparation method thereof, which are mainly applied to an automobile safety airbag and a safety device, and also can be popularized and applied to weapon systems and satellite as well as civil anti-collision airbags and explosion engineering. The igniter comprises a substrate with smaller heat conduction coefficient, a filter layer film and a heat isolation layer film, so that the ignition voltage of a nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy film igniter is less than 4V, the ignition energy is about 80 micro Joule, the ignition time is less than 50 micro-seconds, the working voltage of the igniter is effectively reduced, and the ignition time of the igniter is prolonged. Meanwhile, an igniter plug pin is connected with a film bridge electrode zone in a lead-free way through a through hole in the surface of the substrate, the ambient impact resistance of the igniter is improved, and the reliability of the igniter is greatly improved. By adopting the micro machining technology, the metal film bridge igniter has advantages of low cost, easy production and the like.

The invention discloses a combined control method for performing station keeping and momentum wheel unloading based on an electric thruster. The thrust vector direction regulating range of the electric thruster is limited by the mechanisms and on-satellite mounting space thereof, when keeping the satellite orbit position or unloading the momentum wheel, the electric thrusting is incapable of guaranteeing that the thrust direction completely meets control requirements, and the component of the thrust on the vertical surface for controlling the needed force would become into the extra consumption for using the electric thruster to perform control. When performing station keeping, if the thrust vector cannot pass through the mass center of the satellite, the moment generated by the thrust would become into extra consumption; and in turn, when only performing the momentum wheel unloading, an operator needs to take the extra force effect into account, symmetrical ignition should be used to counteract the extra force, and the force effect becomes into extra consumption during the unloading period. The combined control method for performing the station keeping and momentum wheel unloading based on the electric thruster simultaneously performs satellite station keeping and momentum wheel unloading through reasonably selecting the thruster and regulating the thrust vector direction.

A reactive liquid ceramic binder suitable for the production of ceramic products from ceramic powders is provided. The reactive liquid ceramic binder contains organo-modified siloxane compounds, wherein the liquid organo-modified siloxane compounds contain organoalkoxysiloxane units according to general formula (I)

wherein

• • R¹=alkyl radical and/or aryl radical,
  • R²═H and/or alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
  • a≧0 and ≦2, and
  • b<0 and ≦3,

with the proviso that a+b≧1 and ≦4.

The invention relates to underground ignition technology of a combustion drive oil layer by injecting steam. Above 3000 meters oil layer, under a strong oxidation effect of the crude oil in the oil layer, the crude oil, namely carbohydrate, and the O2 at a high temperature generate CO2 plus H2O plus heat, thereby reaching the effect of displacement of reservoir oil. The injected steam is used for heating the oil layer so that the oil layer directly reaches the combustible temperature of oil with the help of the heat of the steam and air is directly injected, thus the high and strong oxidation effect that is combustion is generated. The carbon dioxide recombined with multiple drive oil layers is sent out. The thickness is less than 2 meters. A well section is arranged near the bottom of the oil layer. In addition the injection steam has the standard that a steam quantity is not less than 300cm<3>, the injection steam dryness is more than 5%, the injection steam temperature is more than 350 DEG C, and the injection steam pressure is between 2 and 20 MPa. The technology dispenses with physical simulation before ignition, manufactures the underground electric heater, shortens the ignition time and is high in success rate.

A control apparatus stops supply of a fuel to an engine (a) when a value of a parameter relating to a misfire of the engine satisfies a misfire condition that is set based on an octane value of the fuel, or (b) when it is determined that a misfire may occur if an increased amount of the fuel is supplied to the engine in the case where ignition timing of the engine is retarded based on an octane value of the fuel, and the amount of the fuel is increased according to a retard amount of the ignition timing.

The invention discloses a front coal gasification grate-firing device and a combustion method thereof. By the aid of the front coal gasification grate-firing device and the combustion method thereof, the problems of emission of the high NOx content and the high SOx content of traditional chain layer burners are solved, and the boiler efficiency is improved. The front coal gasification grate-firing device comprises a coal bucket, a coal gasification chamber and a coke discharge pipe which are communicated sequentially, a gas pipe is arranged at the top of the coal gasification chamber, an injection nozzle is arranged inside the gas pipe, communicated with a secondary air pipeline through an injection air pipeline and parallel with the secondary air pipeline, an opening of the injection nozzle faces towards a hearth, the secondary air pipeline and the gas pipe are arranged in parallel in an up-and-down mode and communicated with the hearth, a bottom bellows is installed at the bottom of the coal gasification chamber, communicated with a gasification air pipeline and communicated with the coal gasification chamber through a fire grate I, the fire grate I is inclined towards the inlet direction of the coke discharge pipe, a coke breaking machine is installed at the position of an inlet of the coke discharge pipe, and an outlet of the coke discharge pipe is located above a fire grate II at the bottom of the hearth.

The invention provides a low-temperature plasma no-heat ignition flame stabilization device which adopts the low-temperature plasma to cause the flammable mixed gas to produce a plurality of free radicals and active components such as electrons and hydroniums, etc. to implement large-volume igniting flammable mixed gas, belonging to aeronautics and astronautics power thrust system field. The invention consists of a high pressure powers supply 1, a high pressure electrode 2, an air inlet hole 3, an air inlet seat 4, a retaining medium 5, a low voltage electrode 6, a rectifier 7 and a combustion chamber 8; the high voltage electrode 2 is hermetically connected with the air inlet seat 4 and is connected with a high voltage electrode 1; the air inlet hole 3 is provided with openings on the air inlet seat 4; the interior of the air inlet seat 4 is hermetically connected with the retaining medium 5; the external wall of the rectifier 7 is tightly close to the internal wall of the retaining medium 5; the upstream is the high voltage electrode 1 and the downstream is the combustion room 8 which is hermetically connected with the retaining medium 5. The invention can implement large-volume ignition, reduces the voltage amplitude to large extent, has simple structure and reliable system, and is an ignition device with extremely developmental prospect used by the aeronautics and astronautics and industrial combustion systems.

The invention provides a method for preparing a carbon nanometer paper flame resistant polymer matrix composite material, which is intended to solve problems that: the current resin-based fiber reinforced composite materials exist unsafe factors of flammability, high combustion speed, difficult extinguishing, and environment pollution because of toxic gas generation; and addition of nano-materials like carbon nanotubes in a composite material can improves flame resistance of the composite material, but flame resistant and fireproof characteristics, and dispersibility and content of the nano-materials like carbon nanotubes affect integral mechanical properties of the composite material. The method comprises: adding at least one flame resistant material into a carbon nanometer paper structure, and then using the carbon nanometer paper structure as a flame resistant external layer of the composite material to form the carbon nanometer paper flame resistant polymer matrix composite material. The carbon nanometer paper flame resistant polymer matrix composite material has a good flame resistant characteristic, and a plurality of flame resistant materials is added into the carbon nanometer paper structure, thereby greatly raising flame resistant and fireproof characteristics of the composite material. Compared to a composite material without carbon nanometer paper, ignition time of the carbon nanometer paper flame resistant composite material can be reduced more than 10-30%, and a peak value of heat releasing speed can be reduced more than 15-45%, and a smoke releasing total amount can be reduced more than 10-30%.

The invention relates to fire fighting apparatuses, in particular to electric appliance fireproofing and fire-fighting equipment for a switching room. According to the technical aims, an alarm can be given out at the first time and can be processed through the electric appliance fireproofing and fire-fighting equipment for the switching room. In order to achieve the above technical aims, the electric appliance fireproofing and fire-fighting equipment for the switching room is provided and comprises a fireproofing box, fixing plates, first sliding rails, first sliding blocks, an alarming lamp, a connecting block, a separating plate, a first connecting plate, a second sliding rail, a second sliding block, a first spring and the like; the fixing plates are arranged on the inner walls of the front, back, left and right sides of the interior of the fireproofing box in a bolt connecting manner, the first sliding rails are installed in the fixing plates in a bolt connecting manner, and the first sliding blocks are connected into the first sliding rails in a sliding manner. By means of the electric appliance fireproofing and fire-fighting equipment, the effects of giving out the alarm at the first time and processing the alarm can be achieved; and the manner that the alarm lamp is triggered by burning out a fusing wire when an electric appliance catches a fire is adopted, and therefore a user can rapidly finds the fire.

To provide a process for producing CeO₂ fine particles having high crystallinity, being excellent in uniformity of composition and particle size and having a small particle size, and a polishing slurry containing such fine particles.

A process for producing CeO₂ fine particles, which comprises a step of obtaining a melt containing, as represented by mol % based on oxides, from 5 to 50% of CeO₂, from 10 to 50% of RO (wherein R is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) and from 30 to 75% of B₂O₃, a step of quenching the melt to obtain an amorphous material, a step of precipitating CeO₂ crystals from the amorphous material, and a step of separating the CeO₂ crystals from the obtained crystallized product, in this order. A polishing slurry containing from 0.1 to 20 mass % of such fine particles.