The invention relates to a new composition of salvia miltiorrhiza and a derivative, a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of medicine, wherein the three compositions are salvia miltiorrhiza new lactone A, salvia miltiorrhiza new lactone B and salvia miltiorrhiza new lactone C and derivative thereof and effective parts, which have a (1) chemical structure general formula. The invention also relates to application of a new skeleton composition and a derivative and an effective part thereof on preparing medicine, in particular to the application of same on preparing spiritual class medicine and anticancer class medicine, wherein R1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, undersaturated alkyl, hydroxide radical, alkoxyl, carboxyl, esterifiable carboxyl, balmy substituent, halogen, and the like, R2, R3 and R4 are selected from hydrogen, alkyl, undersaturated alkyl, balmy substituent, low grade sugar indican, polysaccharide indican, metallic ions and organic acid ester group, and the R2, the R3 and the R4 can be same and also can be different.