The invention discloses a mold plasma 3D printing device and 3D printing method. The device is composed of a monitor system, a plasma beam machining system, a horizontal printing table for containing a mold to be formed and a temporary fixed piece. The plasma beam machining system is composed of a plasma generator, an air supply device, a powder feeding device and a printing position adjustment device. The printing position adjustment device comprises a horizontal movement device and a printing distance adjustment device. The monitor system comprises a horizontal movement controller, a temperature detection unit, a distance detection unit and a printing distance adjustment controller, and a temperature adjustment and control device is formed by the temperature detection unit and the printing distance adjustment controller. The method comprises the steps that firstly, a three-dimensional model is obtained, and layering slicing treatment is carried out; secondly, a scanning path is filled; thirdly, a printing path is obtained; and fourthly, printing is carried out layer by layer from bottom to top. The device is reasonable in design, easy and convenient to operate, high in efficiency and good in use effect, the forming process is directly carried out in the atmospheric environment, and a formed mold is good in quality.