The invention discloses a high-performance computing-oriented distributed data organization method. Data access and data management are separated in an interface layer; and at a computing node end, a client provides a simplified data access interface for an application only, and file access operation, in a POSIX form, completely transparent for the application is supported. According to the method, for a data storage demand of a high-performance computing application, POSIX file system access semantics is simplified, and the data access and the data management are decoupled, so that an efficient and lightweight programming interface is provided for the application; a distributed object storage technology is adopted for performing data organization, so that data organization limitation of a conventional file system is broken through, a more efficient data access protocol is realized, and system expandable capability is further improved; and a memory-based metadata management mode is provided, and a high-performance non-relational key-value database is introduced in a high-performance computer system for the first time, so that an efficient and expandable metadata service can be provided for outside by utilizing excellent characteristics of the high-performance computer system.