The invention discloses a unified bit width converting structure and method in a cache and a bus interface of a system chip. The converting structure comprises a processor core and a plurality of IP cores carrying out data interaction with the processor core through an on-chip bus, and a memorizer controller IP is communicated with an off-chip main memorizer. The processor core comprises an instruction assembly line and a hit judgment logic unit receiving an operation instruction of the instruction assembly line. An access bit width judgment unit and a bit width/address converting unit are arranged between the hit judgment logic unit and the cache bus interface, the hit judgment logic unit sends a judgment result to the instruction assembly line, and the processor core is connected with the on-chip bus through the cache bus interface. According to the converting method, for the read access of a byte or a half byte, if cache deficiency happens and the access space belongs to the cache area, the bit width/address converting unit converts the read access of the byte or the half byte into one-byte access, access and storage are finished through the bus, an original updating strategy is not affected, and flexibility can exist.