The invention discloses a parallel breadth-first search method based on a shared memory system structure. The method comprises: a worker thread grouping and binding process, a data interval partition process, and a task execution process. The method specifically comprises: obtaining a CPU topological structure of an operating environment, partitioning and binding a worker thread group; partitioning data intervals, and making the data intervals corresponding to the worker thread groups; task execution using a hierarchical ergodic method, in an execution process, automatically selecting a proper state from a series top-down state, a parallel top-down state, and a bottom-up state, as a self execution state, and when count in an activated state in a certain layer is zero, ending task execution. The method reduces communication among CPU sockets through task partition, data consistency maintenance among the CPU sockets is eliminated, and improves data reading efficiency through data binding and automatic switching, so as to improve operation efficiency of program.