The invention relates to a detection method for insertion / deletion polymorphism of a sheep RORA (retinoid acid receptor related orphan receptor A) gene. The detection method comprises the following steps: by taking genome DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) of sheep to be detected as a template, and a primer pair as amplification primers, performing PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification on a fragment with insertion / deletion polymorphic sites in a sheep RORA gene intron region, performing electrophoresis on an amplification product, and identifying genotypes of the insertion / deletion polymorphic sites according to electrophoresis results, wherein the insertion / deletion polymorphic sites are selected from 23-bp insertion / deletion polymorphic sites of NC_040258.1:S.10400_10423 sites of the sheep RORA gene. By adopting the method, the genotypes of the insertion / deletion polymorphic sites can be simply, rapidly and precisely detected with low cost.