Salmon meat is prone to spoilage during transportation and storage due to its rich
protein and
fatty acid content. During the spoilage process, the released volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can vary greatly, mainly including
trimethylamine (TMA),
dimethylamine (DMA),
formaldehyde (HCHO), and
ammonia (NH3). In this study, an array of
quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) gas sensors was established, which was modified with
graphene oxide (GO),
Mxenes (Ti3C2T X ), hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and graphdiyne
oxide (GO P ), respectively, to detect TMA, DMA, HCHO, and NH3 in salmon meat, respectively. The results showed that the four kinds of
sensor materials modified QCM sensors had good sensitivity, selectivity and
repeatability for the corresponding target gas. Finally, the freshness of salmon meat was detected using the
sensor array. The sensor response data was visualized by
principal component analysis (PCA), and the first two principal components (PCs) explained 98.8% of the total contribution variance. A further
discriminant model was established using quadratic
support vector machine (QSVM), and the
classification result was 100%. To further describe, the detection results were compared with the
total volatile base
nitrogen (TVB-N) content to judge the freshness of salmon meat.