The invention relates to a metamaterial microwave antenna cover and an antenna system. The metamaterial microwave antenna cover is covered on an antenna, and comprises at least one metamaterial sheet layer, wherein each metamaterial sheet layer comprises a substrate and multiple artificial microstructures arranged on two opposite surfaces of the substrate in an array manner, the substrate is made of HDPE (high-density polyethylene) material and can be divided into multiple metamaterial units, artificial microstructures are respectively arranged on two opposite surfaces of each metamaterial unit, the sizes of the metamaterial units are identical, and each artificial microstructure comprises a square-shaped structure clung to the edge of the metamaterial unit and a square patch at the center of the metamaterial unit. According to the invention, specific-shaped artificial microstructures are adhered to the substrate, and by adjusting the shape and size of the artificial microstructures, the relative dielectric constant, refractive index and impedance of the material are changed, the transmission of electromagnetic wave is enhanced and the directionality and gain of the antenna are improved.