Barrier type anode plate for non-ferrous metal electrowinning

Abstract

The invention discloses a fence type anode plate for electrodeposition of nonferrous metals. The fence type anode plate for electrodeposition of the nonferrous metals is characterized in that lead or lead-based complex alloy with the thickness of 2-10mm is compounded on the surface of a rod core to form a composite rod; a corrugated or sawtooth type pattern is drawn on the surface of the composite rod; a conductive ceramic composite coating layer is coated or electrodeposited on the surface of the composite rod; the fence type anode plate is formed by assembling a plurality of the composite rods; and the composite rods are fixed by insulation edge clamping strips and clamped by insulation rivets. By the fence type anode plate for electrodeposition of the nonferrous metals, fluidity of electrolyte solution is improved, concentration polarization of a cathode area is reduced, and deposition amount of cathode metals is increased, so that cathode current efficiency is improved; the fence type anode plate does not bend and deform, and therefore short circuit phenomenon of anode and cathode plates is prevented; and compared with the conventional lead-based alloy anode plate, the conductivity of the fence type anode plate is obviously improved, the tank voltage is reduced by 10%, the material cost is reduced by 20% and the current efficiency is increased by 2-5%.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolysis, in particular to a fence-type anode plate for electrowinning of nonferrous metals. Background technique [0002] In the process of wet extraction of zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium and other metals, lead and lead alloys are still used as anode materials. The disadvantages are: high cell voltage (3.4~3.8V), low current efficiency (75~ 88%), high energy consumption in the electrowinning process (3400-4200 degrees per ton of zinc), short service life of the anode (0.5-1 year), anode lead is easily dissolved and enters the cathode product, resulting in a decline in the quality of the cathode product. In order to reduce the energy consumption of electrowinning zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium, etc. and prevent the pollution of cathode products by anode lead, in-depth research and development have been carried out on insoluble anodes for the electrowinning proces...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0002] In the process of wet extraction of zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium and other metals, lead and lead alloys are still used as anode materials. The disadvantages are: high cell voltage (3.4~3.8V), low current efficiency (75~ 88%), high energy consumption in the electrowinning process (3400-4200 degrees per ton of zinc), short service life of the anode (0.5-1 year), easy dissolution of anode lead into the cathode product, resulting in a decline in the quality of the cathode product

Pb—Ag—Ca ternary alloy anode and Pb—Ag—Ca—Sr quaternary alloy plate have high strength, corrosion resistance, long service life, low cost, and PbO formed on the surface during use 2 and MnO 2 It is denser, has the advantages of low lead content in precipitated zinc, and reduced power consumption, but its manufacturing process is relatively complicated, and the uniformity of the distribution of metamorphic elements in the lead alloy is difficult to control

[0004] 2. Titanium-based surface coating (plating) dimensionally stable anode: This type of anode is based on titanium (Ti) and coated with noble metal or its oxide on the surface, but this anode has the following disadvantages: (1) Using titanium substrate, the electrode High cost; (2) Due to the dissolution of the noble metal coating and the passivation of the matrix titanium in the electrolytic production, the life of the electrode is short; (3) In the electrowinning solution, impurity ions, such as manganese, are oxidized in the anode in an oxide state The deposition of the coating reduces the effect of the precious metal layer

But the PbO produced by electroplating in this way 2 As an insoluble anode, the electrode will have the following problems in use: (1) PbO 2 The deposition layer is not tightly combined with the electrode surface or the deposition layer is uneven; (2) PbO 2 The deposited layer is porous and rough, with large internal stress; (3) PbO 2 The deposited layer is easy to peel off or corrode, and the service life is not long

[0006] 4. There are the following problems in the anode obtained by mutual dissolution of light metal aluminum as the inner core and the outer layer of lead alloy through casting or electroplating: First, it cannot solve the fluidity of the lead alloy liquid and the holes that may appear in large-size anode plates The second is that there will be some grain boundary gaps in the coating, and the oxygen generated during electrolysis will pass through the alumina substrate through the grain boundary gaps of the coating to form an aluminum oxide film with poor conductivity, which will deteriorate the performance of the anode

However, it still cannot solve the phenomenon that the lead base is easy to bend, resulting in short circuit, reducing current efficiency and anode life.

[0008] In addition, at present, the anodes used in industrial color electrowinning mainly use anode plates, and the function of the anode plates directly affects the quality and efficiency of electrowinning non-ferrous metals. The flow properties of the electrolytic non-ferrous metals cannot be further improved, and the production efficiency cannot be further improved.

There are also great defects in the operation of the anode plate: when the portable cathode hanger lifts the cathode plate, it often touches the anode plate, which is not conducive to the stable placement of the anode plate in the electrolyte tank; and the specificity of the anode plate is large, It is easy to deform due to the action of internal stress, which increases the workload of employees

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