Low-temperature melting permeation continuous separation method for aluminum industry carbon-based hazardous wastes, and product obtained through the method

A separation method and carbon-based technology, applied in separation methods, dispersed particle separation, chemical instruments and methods, etc., can solve problems such as difficult processes, channel blockage, and high energy consumption

Active Publication Date: 2017-10-24
唐红艳
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

The advantage of this method is that there is no secondary carbon hazardous solid waste; the disadvantage is that the obtained fluoride salt electrolyte coexists with impurities, and its purity and whiteness are not high, so it cannot be directly reused in the electrolytic aluminum production process; in addition, burning carbon , except that there is a large amount of CO 2 In addition to the problem of emptying, there are also a certain amount of CO and NO x And gaseous fluoride salt or fluoride salt solid particles and other harmful substances are emptied, the harmless disposal and resource utilization are not in place, and it is contrary to the national policy of energy saving, emission reduction and environmental protection;
[0005] 3. Disposal of anode carbon slag by smelting: put the anode carbon slag in a container for heating and smelting, the fluoride salt and impurities are melted and left in the lower part of the container, the carbon floats to the top of the fluoride salt and impurity molten liquid, and the carbon is removed. Then pour out or discharge the fluoride salt and impurity molten liquid, cool and collect; this method has two shortcomings: one is that the collected fluoride salt and impurities coexist, the whiteness and purity are not high, and it cannot be returned directly The aluminum electrolysis production process is used; the second is that the extracted charcoal still contains about 15% fluoride salt, and the resulting charcoal is still a

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  • Low-temperature melting permeation continuous separation method for aluminum industry carbon-based hazardous wastes, and product obtained through the method

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Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0055] The process system structure that the present invention proposes sees figure 1 , a low-temperature melting and permeating continuous separation system for hazardous carbon waste in the aluminum industry, including: jaw crusher 2, iron remover 12, low-temperature electric calciner 6, low-temperature flue gas outlet 7, high-temperature electric calciner 8, high-temperature flue gas heat energy Using device 14, fluoride salt molten liquid permeation separator 15, liquid fluoride salt collection port 16, high temperature flue gas channel 17, impurity molten liquid permeation separator 18, liquid impurity collection port 19, natural gradient cooling zone 20, circulation cooling Device 21, frequency conversion carbon discharger 22, carbon collection bin 23, spray device 24, high temperature electric calcining area 26;

[0056] Hazardous carbon waste from the aluminum industry is transported by the loading forklift 1 to the jaw crusher 2 for crushing, and the jaw crusher is co...

Embodiment 2

[0065] Using the system of Example 1, the hazardous carbon waste of the aluminum industry to be treated is aluminum electrolysis anode carbon slag, and the mass content of fluoride salt is 69.8%; the specific process is as follows:

[0066] S1: Aluminum electrolysis anode carbon slag is crushed to a particle size of 0-30 mm (the inlet aperture of the discharger in this embodiment is 180 mm), iron is removed, and sent to a low-temperature electric calciner;

[0067]S2: Carry out low-temperature electric calcining at 1050-1200°C on the pretreated anode carbon slag, the fluoride in the anode carbon slag is melted, the melt is infiltrated and separated, and the fluoride salt molten liquid permeates through the separator 15 for salting. Ingot casting.

[0068] According to the melt penetration separation test of anode carbon slag at 1050-1200°C, it can be seen that most of the fluoride salt in the anode carbon slag (ie fluoride salt: carbon ≈ 69.8:30.2) is separated.

[0069] In t...

Embodiment 3

[0076] Adopt the system of embodiment 1, the carbonaceous hazardous waste of the aluminum industry that handles is aluminum electrolysis waste cathode, wherein fluoride salt content is 30.5% (mass percentage, i.e. fluoride salt: carbon ≈ 30.5:69.5), specific process is as follows:

[0077] S1: The waste cathodes are crushed to a particle size of 0-45 mm (the inlet aperture of the discharger in this embodiment is 180 mm), and then sent to the raw material bin after iron removal. In the sealed AC low-temperature electric calciner 6,

[0078] S2: The pretreated anode carbon slag is subjected to low-temperature electric calcining at 1050-1200°C, the fluoride salt in the spent cathode carbon block is melted, and the melt is infiltrated and separated through the fluoride salt molten liquid permeation separator 15 and is Cast into salt ingots.

[0079] According to the melt permeation separation test of spent cathode carbon blocks at 1050-1200°C, most of the fluoride salts in 30.5% ...

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Abstract

The invention provides a low-temperature melting permeation continuous separation method for aluminum industry carbon-based hazardous wastes, and a product obtained through the method. The method includes the steps of: S1) performing crushing and iron removal pretreatment to the aluminum industry carbon-based hazardous wastes; S2) after the pretreatment, performing low-temperature electric calcination to the hazardous wastes at 1050-1200 DEG C so that fluoride salts are molten and are separated through permeation; S3) performing permeation impurity removal to the remained low-fluorine carbon granules, and feeding the carbon granules into a high-temperature electric calcination furnace to perform high-temperature electric calcination, thereby producing high-purity carbon products. The invention also provides a low-temperature melting permeation continuous separation system for the aluminum industry carbon-based hazardous wastes. By means of the method, harmless treatment and recycling utilization of three hazardous wastes, including fluoride salt containing anode scraps, anode carbon residues and wasted cathodes, in aluminum industry can be carried out with low cost and high efficiency. A fluoride salt product recovered through the continuous low-temperature melting permeation impurity removal and separation method is high in whiteness and purity, wherein all performance indices are higher than that of second-stage products in national standard.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and in particular relates to a method and system for harmless treatment and resource utilization of aluminum electrolysis fluorine-containing carbon solid waste. Background technique [0002] The anode remnants and spent cathodes containing fluoride salts in the aluminum industry contain about 30% fluoride salts, and the anode carbon residues contain about 70% fluoride salts. In addition, they also contain 0.01% to 0.1% sodium cyanide, which is a dangerous solid. Waste, if not disposed of properly, will bring serious pollution to the environment, air, soil or groundwater, and directly endanger human health; in addition, these three hazardous solid wastes contain a small amount of aluminum nitride and a small amount of iron, aluminum, calcium, Except for magnesium oxide or aluminosilicate impurities, the rest are fluoride salts and carbon, which have high resource utilization value. ...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C01F7/54C01B32/05B01D46/02B01D53/54B01D53/68B01D53/78
CPCB01D46/02B01D53/54B01D53/68B01D53/78B01D2251/106B01D2251/304B01D2251/60B01D2251/604B01D2257/204B01D2257/408B01D2258/0283C01F7/54C01P2006/65C01P2006/80
Inventor 唐红艳
Owner 唐红艳
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