96results about "Electron multiplier details" patented technology

An integrated micro-photomultiplier is disclosed which employs sub-micron-wide channels for electron amplification. These channels are created with standard lithographic and planar-fabrication techniques, and sealed with a vacuum-deposition process. A photocathode, continuous dynode, anode and signal-collector are fabricated along the channels. This photomultiplier design obviates the needs for through-substrate etching, and mechanical assembly of separate layers. Because large-scale-integration techniques can be used to fabricate multiple micro-photomultipliers, significant reductions in device cost and size are expected. The integrated micro-photomultiplier is useful for high-speed, low-light-level optical detection, and may find applications in optical communications, visible or infrared imaging, and chemical or biological sensing.

In an electron beam detector, a light guide optically couples a fluorescence emitting surface of the compound semiconductor substrate to a light incident surface of the photodetector, and physically connects the compound semiconductor substrate with the photodetector, thereby integrating the compound semiconductor substrate with the photodetector. When the compound semiconductor substrate converts incident electrons to fluorescent light, the light guide guides the fluorescent light to the photodetector, and the photodetector detects the fluorescent light, thereby detecting the incident electrons.

Electron focussing apparatus includes a cathode plate defining an impact surface on which particles impact, which surface has a finite probability of generating at least one electron for each impacting particle having predetermined characteristics. The apparatus also has an electron receiving element, and respective means for generating electrostatic and magnetic fields in a space extending from the impact surface to the electron receiving element. The means for generating the electrostatic and magnetic fields are configured whereby the E/B² ratio adjacent the electron receiving element is smaller than adjacent the impact surface, whereby to decrease the radius of curvature of the electron trajectories adjacent the electron receiving element relative to adjacent the impact surface and to thereby focus the electron trajectories in at least one dimension. In another aspect the electron receiving element is positioned and the means for generating the electrostatic and magnetic fields are configured to cause the electrons to deflect on average through greater than 180° before impacting the electron receiving element, whereby to focus, in at least one dimension, multiple electrons generated from any given area of the impact surface to a smaller area at the electron receiving element.

The present invention discloses a digital semiconductor photoelectric magnification image sensor which comprises a digital semiconductor photosensitive pixel array for detecting a photon, an address unit which is connected to each digital semiconductor photosensitive pixel unit so as to determine the address information of each digital semiconductor photosensitive pixel unit in the array, a control unit which communicates with and is connected to the address unit to enable the digital semiconductor photosensitive pixel unit of a specified address and send corresponding data and address output command, and an output unit which communicates with and is connected to each digital semiconductor photosensitive pixel unit to transmit the data emitted by the digital semiconductor photosensitive pixel units and the corresponding address information after the digital semiconductor photosensitive pixel unit of the specified address is enabled. The sensor can output information that whether the photon is detected and the position information of the detected photon and thus can be widely used in a digital photoelectric imaging system.

In a laser scanning microscope comprising an infrared pulse laser; an objective lens focusing an infrared light from the infrared pulse laser on a sample; a condenser lens disposed on an opposite side of the objective lens across the sample for collecting an observation light that is generated by a nonlinear optical effect and has a wavelength shorter than a wavelength of the infrared light; a visible light detector detecting the observation light collected by the condenser lens, an IR partial transmission filter having partially-modified transmission characteristics for the infrared light is disposed near a front focal position of the condenser lens, and an infrared light detector detecting, through the IR partial transmission filter, a transmitted light from the sample collected by the condenser lens, is provided.

The invention discloses a method and product for improving microchannel plate soft X-ray-extreme ultraviolet ray imaging performance. The method includes the steps that gaseous aluminium trimethide serves as an aluminum source, gaseous deionized water servers as an oxygen source, high-purity nitrogen serves as carrier gas and cleaning gas, an atom layer deposition system is utilized, and an aluminum oxide film is deposited on a square-hole microchannel plate made of lead-bismuth glass; and solid iridium acetylacetonate serves as an iridium source, metal iridium reduction is conducted with high-purity oxygen as an oxygen source, the high-purity nitrogen serves as the carrier gas and the cleaning gas, the atom layer deposition system is utilized, and the iridium film is deposited. Compared with an untreated microchannel plate, according to an aperture inner wall reflection increasing film of the square-hole microchannel plate manufactured through the method, the iridium serves as the metal reflection increasing film, and reflection efficiency is improved remarkably, so that the light intensity efficiency of the microchannel plate in the soft X-ray-extreme ultraviolet waveband imaging process can be improved effectively. By means of the method, the performance of the square-hole microchanel plate is improved, and application of the microchannel plate in a grazing incidence imaging system such as an X-ray telescope is further promoted.

The invention is a manufacturing method for gas electron multiplier polymers film mesh applied to the X ray detection. The invention uses 308nm norm molecular laser to irradiate the polyimide (PI) coated with red copper film at the two surfaces, the micro-aperture mesh are formed on the PI film by using the effect of the micro-aperture array mask board attached on the PI film. The mesh with any size can be acquired with X-Y scanning platform. The invention produces the gas electron multiplier polymer film mesh can be acquired by using 308nm norm molecular laser poring method. It is simple and effective.

There is provided a glass substrate for electronic amplification having through holes formed on a plate-like glass member and used for causing an electron avalanche in the through holes, wherein a shape of the glass substrate for electronic amplification and a material of the glass member are determined so that an insulation resistance in a plate thickness direction per plane of 100 cm² is 10⁷ to 10¹¹Ω.

The invention relates to a device for preparing a spherical solid-core microchannel plate, and belongs to the device related in the technical fields of detection of gamma rays, X rays, cosmic rays, ultraviolet rays and charged particles. The device aims to solve the technical problems of providing the device for preparing the spherical solid-core microchannel plate. The device solves the technical scheme that: the device consists of a transmission mechanism and a vacuum heating device, wherein the transmission mechanism is positioned on the upper part of the whole device; and the vacuum heating device is arranged on the lower part of the whole device. In the device, one surface of a plane solid-core microchannel plate is contacted with a clamping fixture in the process of preparation by clamping the edge of the plane solid-core microchannel plate. The device ensures that both surfaces of the prepared spherical solid-core microchannel plate are parallel and have the same radius of curvature, and avoids the edge wrinkling; the device is completed in a vacuum system in the whole process of preparation so as to avoid oxidation on the surfaces; and the device improves quality and yield of the spherical solid-core microchannel plate.

The invention relates to a method for correcting nonlinear response of a photomultiplier and a photoelectric detector and a spectrophotometer obtained based on the same, solving the problem of nonlinear response of the current photomultipliers and the problem of low transmittance accuracy of the spectrophotometer caused by the previous problem. The method is characterized by obtaining a correction equation by correcting the photo-electric response curve of the photomultiplier, thereby correcting the electric signal output by the photomultiplier. The photoelectric detector comprises the photomultiplier and a nonlinear response corrector. The spectrophotometer comprises a light source, a monochrometer, a sample cell, the photoelectric detector and a calculation and display device. The photoelectric detector can be used for high accuracy photoelectric detection, and the spectrophotometer can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis and corresponding optical measurement of the substances.

The invention is a 0.6-1.5 mm thickness plate-like thing, whose middle part is a spherical cap edge integrates with an tourus. The form diameter of sphere microchannel plate is 35-100mm, and its basal diameter is 25-90mm. The ratio of radius to basal diameter is 0.8-5.0. The diameter of each microchannel is 10 um. The manufacturing method includes following steps: making the flat microchannel plate by normal method; fixing the flat microchannel plate on the positioner to make sphere microchannel plate and protected area. The invention can be used in detect device and multiplier.

The present invention provides an X-ray image detector (1) which can reduce the size of a whole apparatus associated with an X-ray imaging tube, reduce noise components of an output X-ray image even if an incident X-ray is very weak, and provide a distortion-free visible image or electric image. The X-ray image detector (1) comprises a vacuum container having an input fluorescent screen outputting fluorescent light, a photoelectric screen converting the fluorescent light which is output from the input fluorescent screen to a photoelectron, and an output fluorescent screen outputting a visible light image with the obtained electron, a plurality of image pick-up elements (3) arranged such that partially overlapped areas are outside an image taking area and taking the visible light image in a divided way, image processing circuits (4) so arranged as to correspond to the image pick-up elements and trimming a taken video signal, an output image processing circuit (6) obtaining a composed image and a display device (5) displaying it as one signal.

A photomultiplier tube having an ion suppression electrode positioned between a photocathode and an electron multiplying device in the photomultiplier tube is disclosed. The ion suppression electrode includes a grid that is configured to provide sufficient rigidity to avoid deformation during operation of the photomultiplier tube. The photomultiplier tube also includes a source of electric potential connected to the electron multiplying device and to the ion suppression electrode to provide a first voltage to the second electrode and a second voltage to the suppression grid electrode wherein the second voltage has a magnitude equal to or greater than the magnitude of the first voltage. A method of making the photomultiplier and a method of using it are also disclosed.

The invention discloses a microchannel plate and a preparation method thereof and relates to a field of micro-optical element manufacture technology. According to the invention, an escape angle of multiplication electron beams output from an output terminal of the microchannel plate is controlled, the coupling efficiency of the microchannel plate is improved and spatial discrimination capability is enhanced. The main technical scheme of the invention is that the microchannel plate includes a base board and at least one film; the base board is provided with a plurality of micro-channels; the input terminal whose end face is coated with conducting material is disposed on one end of each micro-channel; the output terminal is disposed on the other end of each micro-channel; an end of the film is formed on the end part of the output terminal through coating while the other end of the film is formed on the inner wall of the output terminal; and the film includes a first conducting layer, a medium layer and a second conducting layer formed on the output terminal successively through coating, wherein the lengths of the parts of first conducting layer, the medium layer and the second conducting layer on the inner wall of the micro-channel decrease in sequence.

The invention discloses a dynode electron multiplier. The dynode electron multiplier comprises two ceramic plates, a plurality of dynode assemblies, a transitional part assembly, a collection level assembly and a plurality of resistors; the two ceramic plates are arranged in opposite and connected through screws; the transitional part assembly, the collection level assembly and the dynode assemblies are clamped between the two ceramic plates and fixed on the ceramic plates; the dynode assemblies are serially connected in sequence, and the dynode assembly at the head and the dynode assembly at the tail are the first level dynode assembly and the last level dynode assembly respectively; the dynode electron multiplier further comprises three leading wires; the first level dynode assembly is connected with one leading wire; the tail level dynode assembly and the transitional part assembly are connected with the second leading wire in sequence; the collection level assembly is connected with the third leading wire; the resistors are mounted on the outer side of the two ceramic plates; and each of the two ends of each dynode assembly is connected with one resistor in parallel. The dynode electron multiplier has the advantages of simple structure, long service life, stable property, low cost and the like.

The present invention relates to an anion generating and electron capture dissociation apparatus using cold electrons, which uses an MCP electron multiplier plate for generating an electron beam for ionization within an ion trap of a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscope, injects ultraviolet photons emitted from an ultraviolet diode across the entire surface of the MCP electron multiplier plate, uses an electron focusing lens to focus and inject an electron beam into the trap, and generates an ECD reaction by coupling electrons to molecules having multiple positive charges using a low energy electron beam emitting apparatus for the negative ionization of neutral molecules in the ion trap. The anion generating and electron capturing and analyzing apparatus of the present invention, which uses cold electrons and is configured of a cold electron generating module which generates a large number of cold electrons from ultraviolet photons emitted into a mass spectroscope in a high vacuum state, comprises a plurality of ultraviolet diodes emitting ultraviolet photons in the mass spectroscope, an MCP electron multiplier plate inducing and amplifying an initial electron emission of ultraviolet photons from the ultraviolet diodes, and generating a high capacity electron beam from a back plate, an electron focusing lens for focusing the electron beam amplified through the MCP electron multiplier plate, and a grid for adjusting the energy and current of electrons.

The invention provides a damping device for installing a photomultiplier. The damping device comprises a tube sleeve, a damping separation layer and a jacket, wherein the photomultiplier (13) is nested and fixed in the tube sleeve; the damping separation layer and the jacket sequentially wrap the outer surface of the tube sleeve from the inside to the outside; the damping separation layer is made of an elastic material to achieve flexible connection of the tube sleeve and the jacket; the jacket is provided with a platform for installing the damping device on external equipment; and through holes (16) opposite to a photomultiplier window (23) are formed in the side surfaces of the tube sleeve, the damping separation layer and the jacket and are coaxially arranged. The photomultiplier is assembled by using the damping device, so that the vibration resistance of the photomultiplier is improved, the problem of the fragility of a photomultiplier glass structure is solved and the photomultiplier can be applied to a vehicle-mounted platform, an airborne platform, a spaceborne platform and the like.

The invention discloses a photomultiplier installation protection structure. The structure has the following beneficial effects: a rubber clamp sleeve is sleeved on a tail tube of a photomultiplier, and a metal shell is added to the outside the rubber clamp sleeve to apply certain pre-tightening force to the rubber clamp sleeve, so that the photomultiplier can be tightly wrapped up and can not radially drift; a clamp slot is arranged in the rubber clamp sleeve and a ceramic substrate of the photomultiplier is clamped in the clamp slot, thus solving the problem of axial drifting of the photomultiplier; therefore, the photomultiplier is hard to damage due to vibration; besides, the whole photomultiplier is hermetically put in the metal shell, thus avoiding the possible impact of hard light irradiation on the photomultiplier; in terms of installation, a through slot is arranged at one side of the rubber clamp sleeve and a slot with middle parts connected is arranged at the opposite side of the rubber clamp sleeve, so that the two parts of the clamp sleeve are incompletely disconnected, when the photomultiplier is put in the clamp sleeve, the two parts of the clamp sleeve are disconnected along the through slot and the tail tube of the photomultiplier is put in the inner cavity of the clamp sleeve, and the operations are very convenient; and the structure is simple and packaging process is simple and convenient, effects are good.

The invention discloses a buffer layer of a secondary electron emission film and a preparation method thereof. When a magnesium oxide composite film secondary electron emission source doped with metal materials is prepared, the nickel oxide buffer layer is deposited on a metal substrate in a nickel target sputtering or nickel oxide target sputtering mode, and then a magnesium oxide composite film doped with the metal materials is deposited on the nickel oxide buffer layer. When the nickel oxide buffer layer is deposited, the temperature of the metal substrate is set to be 200-400 DEG C, argon and oxygen are led into a film coating cavity at the same time or only argon is led into the film coating cavity, and the air pressure is 0.1-1 Pa. The thickness of the nickel oxide buffer layer is 5-90 nm, and the grain size of nickel oxide is 3-20 nm. Since the nickel oxide buffer layer is deposited on the metal substrate, the inhibiting effect of metal deposition on magnesium oxide grain growth can be reduced and magnesium oxide grain growth is promoted when the magnesium oxide composite film doped with the metal materials is deposited later, and the secondary electron emission performance of the composite film can be improved.

An image intensifier tube includes a collimator having multiple channels for receiving electrons from a photocathode layer, and a microchannel plate (MCP) having multiple channels for receiving electrons from the collimator. An ion barrier film (IBF) is disposed on top of an input side of the MCP, in which the IBF includes a small amount of conductive material. The IBF may include alumina doped with chromium oxide, or manganese oxide, or any other conductive material. The small amount of conductive material includes 1% to 5% of conductive material in a layer of non-conductive material.

The edges of portions of a base member that are joined to stem pins are arranged as bottom surfaces of recesses formed in the stem so that the stem pins are joined to the base member at gradual angles and so that even when a bending force acts on the stem pins, the stem pins will contact the peripheral portions at the open sides of the recesses, thereby preventing further bending of the stem pins and preventing the forming of cracks at both sides of the portions at which the stem pins are joined to the base member. Furthermore, triple junctions, at which the conductive stem pins, the insulating base member to which the stem pins are joined, and vacuum intersect, are positioned inside the recesses and put in concealed-like states.

The present invention relates to a low-resistance MCP with an expanded dynamic range and excellent environment resistance, in comparison with the conventional technology. The MCP has a double structure composed of hollow first cladding glasses whose inner wall surfaces function as channel walls, and a second cladding glass having a resistivity lower than that of the first cladding glasses.

The invention discloses a detector based on a liquid-cooling plate structure, and a positron emission tomography system, which belong to the technical field of nuclear medicine imaging. The detector based on the liquid-cooling plate structure comprises a liquid-cooling plate, at least two SiPM circuit board assemblies, and crystals, wherein each SiPM circuit board assembly comprises a circuit board fixed on the liquid-cooling plate by means of screws and SiPM chips welded on the circuit board; a first fixing plate and a second fixing plate used for arranging screws are positioned on opposite edges of each circuit board; a groove matched with the first fixing plate in shape is formed in the second fixing plate; the crystals cover the SiPM chips; and the liquid-cooling plate is used for charging a cooling liquid to reduce the operating temperature of the at least two SiPM circuit board assemblies. The detector provided by the invention adopts the SiPM to improve imaging quality, is ingenious in circuit board connection, and positions the circuit boards in a narrow space precisely, thereby ensuring the structural stability of the detector; and the detector utilizes the liquid-coolingplate to reduce the operating temperature of the SiPM circuit board assemblies, thereby ensuring the sensitivity of the SiPM chips.

The invention discloses an open type micro channel plate assembly used for space environment. All components are split into single bodies, thereby facilitating processing; then micro channel plates can be accommodated and clamped through design of a frame with seam allowances, so that assembling is convenient and stability of a product can be guaranteed; polyimide frames are adopted to clamp the micro channel plates and electrodes; polyimide has the characteristics of strong insulativity, high mechanical strength, good processing manufacturability, low air escape rate and the like, is suitable for working requirements of the micro channel plate assembly, and is also suitable for application to space environment; and a conductive foil is added between the micro channel plates, the conductive foil can form an appropriate gap between the micro channel plates, electrons can move freely in the gap, the probability of incidence to the second micro channel plate is increased, and a gain of the micro channel plate assembly is improved. A traditional micro channel plate assembly does not use the conductive foil.

The invention relates to a micro-channel plate cladding glass, a micro-channel plate, and a preparation method thereof. The micro-channel plate cladding glass comprises the following components in parts by weight: 52 to 57 parts of SiO2, 0 to 2 parts of Al2O3, 1 to 4 parts of B2O3, 15 to 18 parts of Bi2O3, 5 to 7 parts of SnO2, 2 to 4 parts of In2O3, 0.5 to 2 parts of Sb2O3, 8 to 10 parts of Na2O and Cs2O, and 6 to 8 parts of MgO, CaO, and BaO. The micro-channel plate cladding glass and micro-channel plate prepared therefrom have the characteristics of non-toxicity, innocuousness, and environment-friendliness.

The invention discloses an avalanche photodiode and photomultiplier detector, relates to the technical field of radiation detection or weak light detection, and aims to solve the problem of low detection efficiency of a detector. The avalanche photodiode comprises a substrate and an incident light anti-reflection layer; the substrate comprises a plurality of doped regions, the doped regions are formed by doping foreign ions into the substrate, and the doped regions comprise a light incident end P-type heavily doped region, an N-type heavily doped region, a P-type heavily doped region, a P-type doped region and a P-type lightly doped region. The photomultiplier detector comprises a plurality of avalanche photodiode units, the plurality of avalanche photodiode units are connected in parallel, each avalanche photodiode unit comprises a quenching resistor and the avalanche photodiode involved in the technical scheme, and the avalanche photodiode and the quenching resistor are connected in series. The avalanche photodiode and the photomultiplier detector provided by the invention are used for radiation detection or weak light detection.