Herein disclosed are compositions comprising synthetic chromosomes and methods of their use to treat diseases and disorders (e.g., cancers, genetic and autoimmune diseases). Specifically described are methods of constructing synthetic
chromosome compositions bearing one or multiple genes as well as regulatory sequences that control expression of the
gene(s) such that, when these are expressed from the synthetic
chromosome in an animal
cell, at least one medicinal
gene product is reliably, faithfully and indefinitely produced by the animal cells. As an example, the presently disclosed compositions and methods are used to bioengineer cells to enable them to express the entire
dystrophin gene and additional regulatory
nucleic acid sequences under tightly controlled conditions, allowing the present methods and compositions to be used as cellular medicines for treatment of diseases such as muscular dystrophies.