The present invention relates to a
nucleic acid molecule capable of controlling innate
immunity by
RNA and, more specifically, to a short duplex hairpin
RNA (sdhRNA) that binds to
protein kinase R (PKR), which is activated upon recognition of
RNA, thereby inhibiting the activity of PKR and suppressing PKR-mediated innate
immunity and which, when introduced into the 3'-UTR of mRNA, can increase the expression level of an
antigen. The sdhRNA motif according to the present invention inhibits the activity of
protein kinase R (PKR) by binding to PKR activated by recognizing RNA. Therefore, when administered into cells in combination with exogenous RNA or as an insert into the 3'-UTR of mRNA, the sdhRNA motif exhibits the effect of reducing RNA-indued PKR activation, mitigating RNA-induced
cell death, and downregulating the expression of
interferon-stimulated
gene (ISG) as well as improving the expression efficiency of a
protein encoded by the mRNA. With the effects, the motif is applied to various RNA-based uses, for example, vaccines,
in vivo /
ex vivo gene therapeutic agents, and the like.