The invention discloses a scientific exercise and fitness guidance system. The scientific exercise and fitness guidance system comprises a before-exercise body function evaluation module, an exercise mode selection module, an exercise strength determination module, an exercise time determination module, an exercise frequency determination module, a data storage module, a central processing unit, an exercise scheme generation module and a display screen. Personal information data acquired by the before-exercise body function evaluation module are stored into the data storage module and input into the central processing unit; exercise mode, strength, time and frequency, which are determined by the exercise mode selection module, the exercise strength determination module, the exercise time determination module and the exercise frequency determination module, are input to the central processing unit; a final exercise scheme is acquired by the exercise scheme generation module, and is displayed by the display screen. The scientific exercise and fitness guidance system has the advantages of suitability for national citizens, safety with personalized features, and capability of providing effective exercise and fitness guidance, building up people's health and improving health service for the entire people.