The invention provides a nucleotide specific for Escherichia coli 054 O-antigen, which is the total nucleotide sequence of the gene cluster for controlling the synthesis of O-antigens in Escherichia 054, e.g. isolated nucleotide represented by SEQ ID No:1, with overall length of 14062 bases, or nucleotide of SEQ ID No:1 including one or more inserted, deleted or substituted bases and sustains the isolated nucleotide functions, it also includes the oligonucleotides of wzx gines in the O-antigen gene cluster originating from the Escherichia 054, and genes and wzy genes having similar functions with wzx, and genes having similar functions with wzy genes or wzy genes. The invention proves the high specifity of oligonucleotides for Escherichia 054 O-antigen through PCR. A method for detecting and identifying Escherichia 054 in human body and the environment by means of the oligonucleotide according to the invention is also disclosed.