The invention aims to a satellite ephemeris fault monitoring method based on short-base-line multi-reference receiver and having high monitoring efficiency. The satellite ephemeris fault monitoring method comprises the steps that 1, the test statistic amount of ephemeris fault detection is constructed; 2, ambiguity is calculated; 3, false alarm errors are controlled; 4, leak detection errors are controlled. Navigational satellite signals are synchronously received and processed through the multi-reference receiver under short-base-line configuration, multi-reference consistency monitoring of satellite ephemeris faults is carried out through carrier wave phase differential positioning of the multi-reference receiver, and integrity monitoring is carried out according to preset required navigation performance. Compared with a single-reference receiver, more permissive detection threshold values can be obtained by the multi-reference receive and are conductive to the continuity risk in integrity monitoring. In addition, the influence of atmospheric propagation errors of an ionized layer, a troposphere and the like on the satellite ephemeris fault monitoring performance can be avoided by adopting the multi-reference receiver, and the monitoring efficiency is improved.