The invention provides a file encryption system and a file encryption method. The file encryption system is carried on an operation system platform and comprises a database module, an encryption module and a related module, wherein the database module establishes a database file under each drive letter of a computer hard disk to store time of encrypting a file, a file name of the encrypted file, a file full path of the encrypted file and a file encryption grade; the related module is related to an operation system to monitor the operation to the file by a user, generates a corresponding instruction according to the operation to the file by the user and transmits the instruction to the encryption module; and the encryption module receives the instruction, operates the time of encrypting the file, the file name of the encrypted file, the file full path of the encrypted file and the file encryption grade, which are stored by the database file under the drive letter related to user operation, according to the instruction to mark the encryption grade of the file, and meanwhile, realizes the binding between encryption information and an electronic file, so that the encryption information of the electronic file is not lost in a transmission and copying process, and the safety and the controllability of the file are improved.