91results about How to "Protection operation" patented technology

Higher overall etch rate and throughput for atomic layer removal (ALR) is achieved. The reaction is a self-limiting process, thus limiting the total amount of material that may be etched per cycle. By pumping down the process station between reacting operations, the reaction is partially “reset.” A higher overall etch rate is achieved by a multiple exposure with pump down ALR process.

Exemplary embodiments provide an apparatus, system and method for power conversion to provide power to solid state lighting, and which may be coupled to a first switch, such as a dimmer switch. An exemplary system for power conversion comprises: a switching power supply comprising a second, power switch; solid state lighting coupled to the switching power supply; a voltage sensor; a current sensor; a memory; a first adaptive interface circuit to provide a resistive impedance to the first switch and conduct current from the first switch in a default mode; a second adaptive interface circuit to create a resonant process when the first switch turns on; and a controller to modulate the second adaptive interface circuit when the first switch turns on to provide a current path during the resonant process of the switching power supply.

Exemplary embodiments provide an apparatus, system and method for power conversion to provide power to solid state lighting, and which may be coupled to a first switch, such as a dimmer switch. An exemplary system comprises: a switching power supply; solid state lighting; a first adaptive interface circuit to provide a resistive impedance to the first switch and conduct current from the first switch in a default mode; and a second adaptive interface circuit to create a resonant process. An exemplary apparatus comprises: a switching power supply; and an adaptive interface circuit comprising a resistive impedance coupled in series to a reactive impedance to conduct current from the first switch in a first current path in a default mode, and further comprising a second switch coupled to the reactive impedance to conduct current from the first switch in a second current path, with the adaptive interface circuit further damping oscillation when the first switch turns on.

Exemplary embodiments provide an apparatus, system and method for power conversion to provide power to solid state lighting, and which may be coupled to a first switch, such as a dimmer switch. An exemplary system comprises: a switching power supply; solid state lighting; a first adaptive interface circuit to provide a resistive impedance to the first switch and conduct current from the first switch in a default mode; and a second adaptive interface circuit to create a resonant process. An exemplary apparatus comprises: a switching power supply; and an adaptive interface circuit comprising a resistive impedance coupled in series to a reactive impedance to conduct current from the first switch in a first current path in a default mode, and further comprising a second switch coupled to the reactive impedance to conduct current from the first switch in a second current path, with the adaptive interface circuit further damping oscillation when the first switch turns on.

An apparatus for reducing the power consumption of a PFC-PWM power converter is described. The apparatus includes a control terminal used to detect a line-input voltage and to control a PFC signal and a PWM signal. The apparatus further includes a PFC power-manager and a PWM power-manager. The PFC power-manager of the PFC controller determines a PFC-reference voltage for an error amplifier of the PFC controller. The PFC-reference voltage is generated in response to the voltage at the control terminal. The PFC power-manager will disable the PFC signal whenever the voltage at the control terminal drops below a low-voltage threshold voltage. The PWM power-manager will disable the PWM signal whenever the voltage at the control terminal drops below a programmable threshold voltage. Furthermore, the PWM power-manager will pull the voltage at the control terminal low to disable the PFC circuitry during light-load and zero-load conditions.

An improved electrical pump is first provided for use in a wellbore. The pump comprises a stator and a stator housing, and an armature and an armature housing. The stator housing and the armature housing define concentrically nested tubular bodies. The armature housing is configured to permit production fluids to flow therethrough. In one aspect, the stator and armature are assembled in connectible and interchangeable sections called “modules” that can be attached in series. In one aspect, the electrical operation of coils within the stator is protected from individual coil short-circuiting or failure by wiring them in parallel, rather than in series. In addition, each module may be wired in parallel. In this way, a failure of one stator module will not result in the failure of another stator module. In an embodiment of the present invention, the valves of the pump are capable of being retrieved by a wireline, without pulling the entire production string. A method for using a plurality of electrical pumps is also provided. The configuration of the electrical pumps allows multiple linear pumps to be placed in series with the production tubular member. Alternatively, a rotary pump design is provided which allows multiple rotary pumps to be placed in series with the production tubular member.

The fuel cell vehicle, includes a fuel cell generating electricity by an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen; an accessory for the fuel cell; and a fuel cell system box mounted on a vehicle body and housing the fuel cell and the accessory, wherein the fuel cell system box is formed in a vessel shape which has a bottom wall, a first side wall, and a second side wall, the first side wall supporting at least one pipe through which a fluid supplied to the fuel cell flows, and the first side wall is constituted of a material having a specific gravity that is greater than that of the bottom wall and the second wall.

Systems and methods for generating high velocity mass air flows are disclosed. High velocity mass air flow (air charging) devices are needed in a variety of research, industrial, commercial, and consumer applications. The exemplary systems and apparatus described incorporate an electric motor subassembly, an air effector subassembly, a highly intelligent apparatus controller subassembly (and interfaces), and linked sensors, connectors, and wiring. The exemplary method described includes the operational apparatus controller subassembly (e.g., elements, logic, and behavior) that controls the entire apparatus' functions and interactions.

An information processing apparatus switches between an Operating System 1 and an Operating System 2 during operation and comprises: a storing unit including a first area storing data managed by OS1, a second area storing a reset handler containing instructions for returning to OS2 and for branching to OS2, and a switching unit that switches connection / disconnection of the first area with outside; a table storing unit storing information showing the reset handler's position; a CPU having a program counter and executing an instruction at a position indicated by positional information in the program counter; and a management unit that, when instructed to switch from OS1 to OS2 while the apparatus is operating with OS1, instructs the switching unit to disconnect the first area and the CPU to reset. When instructed to reset itself, the CPU initializes its state and sets the reset handler positional information into the program counter.

Methods and apparatus for content protection in a wireless network. A method is provided for operating a protection system to protect an application from unauthorized distribution, wherein the application will fail to operate on a device that is outside a predetermined operating region. The method includes associating a geographic identifier with the application, wherein the geographic identifier identifies the predetermined operating region, and downloading the application and the geographic identifier to the device. The method also includes receiving a request to execute the application on the device, wherein the request includes the geographic identifier, and determining a device location. The method also includes comparing the device location with the predetermined operating region identified by the geographic identifier, and preventing the application from executing when the device is outside the predetermined operating region.

In order to protect semiconductor switching-devices employed in an H bridge circuit against an over-voltage without using a special protection circuit, a control circuit outputs a control signal to a driving circuit for driving the H bridge circuit in order to turn off FETs serving as the semiconductor switching-devices when an over-voltage detection circuit detects the over-voltage applied to the H bridge circuit.

A temperature detection circuit comprises an OP amp, a reference current generator, a temperature detection voltage generator, a comparator, and a band gap reference voltage generator. The OP amp receives a band gap reference voltage and a first voltage. The reference current generator generates the first voltage and a reference voltage in response to an output signal of the OP amp. The temperature detection voltage generator generates a temperature detection voltage in response to an ambient temperature and the output signal of the OP amp. The comparator compares the reference voltage with the temperature detection voltage to generate a temperature control signal. The band gap reference voltage generator generates the band gap reference voltage. Accordingly, the temperature detection circuit of the present invention can perform high or low temperature detection stably in supply voltage and temperature variations and thus protect the operation of the integrated circuit.

The invention discloses an implementation method of an electronic document on-line / off-line safety management system, relates to a design and implementation scheme of the electronic document on-line / off-line safety management system, and relates to software implementation of the system in a windows XP environment of a computer. The two schemes are combined organically to form a set of electronic document off-line safety management system. The system comprises three parts, namely on-line document safety client-side software, off-line document client-side software and server-side software, wherein the on-line document safety client-side software encrypts a key document, and an author sets permissions for the encrypted document according to different user roles at the same time; other users only can operate the encrypted document according to own permissions; and all pieces of user operation can be recorded on a log server. The whole electronic document on-line / off-line safety management system is realized in combination with a document safety system in an off-line state and a web view mode.

An apparatus for reducing the power consumption of a PFC-PWM power converter is described. The apparatus includes a control terminal used to detect a line-input voltage and to control a PFC signal and a PWM signal. The apparatus further includes a PFC power-manager and a PWM power-manager. The PFC power-manager of the PFC controller determines a PFC-reference voltage for an error amplifier of the PFC controller. The PFC-reference voltage is generated in response to the voltage at the control terminal. The PFC power-manager will disable the PFC signal whenever the voltage at the control terminal drops below a low-voltage threshold voltage. The PWM power-manager will disable the PWM signal whenever the voltage at the control terminal drops below a programmable threshold voltage. Furthermore, the PWM power-manager will pull the voltage at the control terminal low to disable the PFC circuitry during light-load and zero-load conditions.

A method and system usable in sensor networks for handling memory faults is disclosed. In order to protect the operating system of a sensor node, coarse-grained memory protection is provided by creating and enforcing an application fault domain in the data memory address space of the sensor node. The data memory accessed by the application modules is restricted to the region (which defines the application fault domain) within the data memory address space. The application modules are prevented from accessing memory outside the application fault domain through software-based run-time checks. The state belonging to the operations system is maintained outside of the application fault domain, and is thus protected from memory corruption from any application module. In order to ensure that an application module does not operate on a corrupted state, fine-grained error detection and recovery is provided within the application fault domain. Any corruption of memory within the application fault domain is detected by a run-time memory integrity verifier implemented in the operating system kernel. Recovery involves purging the corrupted state and restarting only the affected application module to operate on an uncorrupted state.

The invention discloses an anti-intrusion intelligent lock system based on facial expression recognition. The method according to the anti-intrusion intelligent lock system comprises the following steps that a, facial image information is acquired from video information; b, facial expression feature points in the facial image information are extracted based on a shape model; c, motion tracking of the facial expression feature points matched with the DWT-SIFT features in the video information is performed by using the circular neighborhood based on the DWT-SIFT features so as to obtain the motion feature information of the facial expression feature points; d, classified recognition of the motion feature information is performed through a classifier so as to obtain expression state data. The processing module in the intelligent lock system can obtain the expression of the user through the expression state data, and the processing module compares the expression of the user and preset expression data through the preset expression data so as to control operation of the intelligent lock. The user is enabled to control operation of the intelligent lock through the facial expression in danger and perform corresponding alarming so that the intelligent lock system is enabled to be safer and the user can perform operation under protection.

Processes are disclosed for the conversion of biomass to oxygenated organic compound using a simplified syngas cleanup operation that is cost effective and protects the fermentation operation. The processes of this invention treat the crude syngas from the gasifier by non-catalytic partial oxidation. The partial oxidation reduces the hydrocarbon content of the syngas such as methane, ethylene and acetylene to provide advantageous gas feeds for anaerobic fermentations to produce oxygenated organic compounds such as ethanol, propanol and butanol. Additionally, the partial oxidation facilitates any additional cleanup of the syngas as may be required for the anaerobic fermentation. Producer gases and partial oxidation processes are also disclosed.

The invention provides an over current measurement circuit, which is connected with the switch node of a low order field transistor of a step down converter. The over current measurement circuit comprises a voltage generation circuit and an operational amplifier, wherein the voltage generation circuit generates a reference voltage which is automatically adjusted according to temperature change, and comprises a voltage input end and a thermal sensitive resistor; the voltage input end provides a voltage; the thermal sensitive resistor is connected with the voltage input end for generating divided voltages of the voltage input by the voltage input end; the divided voltages automatically adjust according to temperature change; the voltage input by the voltage input end forms a reference voltage after voltage division. The operational amplifier comprise two inputs, wherein one input end is connected with the voltage generation circuit and the other input end is connected with the switch node of a low core field transistor of a step down converter. The over current measurement circuit can prevent the current limit or protective value set by step down converters from being affected by temperature.

A switching regulator control circuit is used in a switching regulator that converts an input voltage into an output voltage by the switching of a switching device, and generates a switching signal for controlling the ON / OFF operation of the switching device. The switching regulator control circuit has a fault detector and a fault protector. The fault detector detects, based on the duty ratio of the switching signal or a variable correlated to it and included in a control signal used to generate the switching signal, a fault state where the duty ratio falls outside the normal modulation range. The fault protector stops the switching of the switching device when the fault detector detects a fault state.

A hand-held cleaning device includes an elongated handle having an operative end. The operative end includes a flattened, relatively small hook, and a flexible neck. A cover can be provided to protect the operative end of the cleaning device. To use the cleaning device, for example, to clean between the palate of the wearer of a palatal expander appliance and portions of the palatal expander appliance, the hook end is slid between the palate of the wearer and the palatal expander appliance, either by the wearer of the appliance or by another person, and any food or other debris trapped in the space between the appliance and the palate of the wearer can be swept aside, pushed forward or engaged with the hook and pulled from between the palate and the appliance.

The invention discloses a trachea cannula tooth cushion. The trachea cannula tooth cushion comprises an upper tooth cushion body and a lower tooth cushion body. The upper and lower tooth cushion are connected through arch-shaped arms and air bags on the two sides, and a trachea cannula is placed between the upper and lower tooth cushions, penetrates through the upper and lower tooth cushions and enters the airway of a patient. According to the conditions of the patient, the oral cavity of the patient can be expanded by inflating the air bags, and operation is convenient. The tooth cushion is in a U shape, conforms to the oral cavity structure of the human body, and can easily protect teeth, gingivae and mouth mucosa of the patient. Sputum suction pipes are installed on the tooth cushion, secreta can be sucked out, and water or medicine can also be injected. The tooth cushion is fixed through a flat fixing band, fixing is firm, and the comfort degree of the patient is improved.

Higher overall etch rate and throughput for atomic layer removal (ALR) is achieved. The reaction is a self-limiting process, thus limiting the total amount of material that may be etched per cycle. By pumping down the process station between reacting operations, the reaction is partially “reset.” A higher overall etch rate is achieved by a multiple exposure with pump down ALR process.

A fluid dispersion assembly comprises a diffusion unit disposed in fluid communication with a fluid container, the assembly being powered by a compressed air source. The diffusion unit at least partially defines a diffusion chamber, and includes a diffusion assembly containing an atomizer assembly which, in combination with the diffusion chamber, generates a fluid dispersion from a mixture of compressed air and an operative fluid, for example, fragrant oils, essential oils, odor neutralizers, disinfectants such as triethylene glycol, air sanitizers, etc. The diffusion unit may include a suppressor assembly and / or a silencer assembly to reduce the amount of noise generated during operation. In one alternate embodiment, a modified diffusion chamber is provided which functions as a suppression chamber, thereby reducing the noise generated during operation of the assembly.

A wet brake system for a vehicle including a case; an internal operation lever disposed inside the case; a hydraulic cylinder which is integrally mounted to the case and is configured to actuate the internal operation lever; and a brake mechanism configured to be operated by the actuation of the internal operation lever by the hydraulic cylinder to apply a braking force to an axle of the vehicle.

A panel mount cable control assembly is provided which is useful with a vehicle having controllable mechanisms such as a throttle and choke of an internal combustion engine. The cable control assembly includes independently actuated shifters operatively connected to respective Bowden cables connected to the controllable mechanisms, which each shifter having a different mode of operation. A first shifter is preferably maintained in a desired position through frictional engagement, while a second shifter operates for a free return though a spring which biases the shifter to an initial position. Both shifters are preferably mounted to substantially enclose a chamber of a housing, and are positioned for side-by-side independent pivotal movement with the shifters in abutment.