The invention belongs to treatment devices of gears, and particularly relates to a gear upper tooth groove polishing device. A cross shaft is fixedly mounted on a rack, a gear is mounted on the cross shaft, and a supporting frame is hinged to the rack. A lead screw is mounted on the supporting frame, a sliding sleeve is mounted on the lead screw, a push plate is mounted on the sliding sleeve, and the free end of the push plate deeply penetrates a gear tooth groove. The lower end of the supporting frame is connected with a first connecting rod, and a vertical supporting plate is hinged to the end, away from the supporting frame, of the first connecting rod. A first rotary wheel is mounted on the vertical supporting plate, a cam is arranged on the side, away from the vertical supporting plate, of the first rotary wheel, and a second rotary wheel is arranged above the cam. An inductor is mounted on a high-pressure gun at the position, above the second rotary wheel, of the rack, the high-pressure gun is connected with a first through pipe, and the first through pipe is connected with a sand spraying box. The left end of the first through pipe is connected with a hollow rotary shaft, a plurality of sand spraying holes are formed in the rotary shaft, a hollow sand spraying wheel is mounted on the rotary shaft, and small holes are formed in teeth of the sand spraying wheels. The problem that due to the fact that the polishing process of saw teeth on a gear is uneven, chatter marks are likely to exist on the polished gear is solved.