The invention discloses a numerical simulation analysis method for basic characteristics of a piezoelectric MEMS loudspeaker. The method comprises the following steps: 1) establishing a simulation geometric model of the MEMS loudspeaker; 2) setting physical fields and boundary conditions, including respectively setting material models, piezoelectric constitutive relations, dampers, constraint conditions, impedance boundaries, voltage loads and the like in 'solid mechanics', 'electric fields', 'pressure acoustics, frequency domains' and 'thermo-viscous acoustics, frequency domains' physical fields; 3) defining material parameters; and 4) setting the type and the size of the grid, and dividing the grid; 5) solving and calculating: respectively solving the finite element model by adopting frequency domain and characteristic frequency researches; and (6) result post-processing: obtaining a sound pressure level frequency response curve, a sound pressure and sound pressure level distributiondiagram, a change relation of capacitance values along with frequency, the magnitude and distribution diagram of stress/strain/displacement/speed/acceleration on a vibration part, and the resonance frequency and vibration mode of the MEMS loudspeaker through post-processing.