The invention provides a deposited carbon regeneration and thermal fatigue simulation testing system of a diesel fuel particulate trap. The deposited carbon regeneration and thermal fatigue simulation testing system comprises a diesel fuel particulate filter, a differential pressure transducer, a burner simulation device, and a controller. The gas inlet of the diesel fuel particulate filter is connected with the gas outlet of the burner simulation device, and the two probes of the differential pressure transducer are respectively connected with the gas inlet opening and the gas outlet opening of the diesel fuel particulate filter, and in addition, the differential pressure sensor and the burner simulation device are connected with the controller. The controller is used to control the flow and/or the temperature of the gas outlet of the burner simulation device according to preset configuration information or external input, and is used to acquire the deposited carbon regeneration characteristic parameter, and/or the thermal fatigue characteristic parameter, and/or the operation parameter of the diesel fuel particulate filter according to differential pressure signals received by the differential pressure transducer. A user testing technology is simplified, and by aiming at DPF of development of different engine models, testing curves and testing data packages matched with the different models are formed, and are used for development, researches, and subsequent tests.