The invention discloses a method for detecting scouring depths of a soil body around a marine pile foundation. The method comprises the steps: (1) a pile-soil system is built; (2) the pile foundationis divided into n joints through a concentrated mass method to be numbered, the joints are connected through massless elastic rods with the length being d, each joint and a lower connecting rod serveas a unit, and the rod length d serves as the unit thickness; (3) the soil body around the foundation is layered, the thickness of each layer is the same as the unit thickness, namely d, the soil bodyaround the foundation is simplified to be massless spring constraint around the joints, and the elastic coefficient is determined; (4) an overall rigidity matrix and a mass matrix under the pile-soilsystem are built; (5) the inherent frequency and vibration modes of all orders of the pile foundation under the different scouring depths are detected; and (6) the rigidity correction coefficient isobtained through a cross-model and cross-mode method (CMCM method), the joints, namely damaged units, corresponding to mutation positions of the correction coefficient are found, the number of the units between the damaged units and pile foundation units on the mud surface is determined, and the range of the scouring depths is determined by multiplying the number of the units and the unit thickness.