The invention discloses a maintenance system for multiple underwater vehicles on a ship. The system comprises a submersible repository, a submersible track, a transport vehicle, a submersible maintenance platform, a small submersible retracting and releasing system, a hoisting crane, a mechanical maintenance room, an electronic maintenance room and a spare part room, wherein the submersible repository is located on an exposed deck of a ship, and the submersible rail and transport vehicle, the submersible maintenance platform, the small submersible retracting and releasing system, the hoistingcrane, the mechanical maintenance room, the electronic maintenance room and the spare part room are located in the repository and located in the peripheral area respectively. The system has the advantages that feasibility is provided for simultaneous storage and maintenance of multiple underwater vehicles on a ship, centralized development of maintenance work is facilitated, the space utilizationrate is greatly increased, the use performance of the underwater vehicles is greatly improved, and the service life of the underwater vehicles is greatly prolonged.