The invention discloses an autonomous safety anti-falling device for an unmanned aerial vehicle and a control method of the autonomous safety anti-falling device. The device comprises a fixing frame, a shell, an MEMS nonmetal mass block, a metal contact, a spring, a gas generation device, a safety airbag, a fixing device, a resistor, a button switch, an electric ignition head, an internal power source and a control circuit. A mechanical structure is adopted, the influence of a circuit of the unmanned aerial vehicle is small, and the reliability is high; during normal use on the ground, the safety anti-falling device is in a safe state, so that the fault-tolerant rate of operation of ground workers is increased; in the normal flight process, the safety anti-falling device is in a to-be-operated state, and the safety anti-falling device can quickly pop up the safety air bag when a flight control system fails, so that on one hand, the safety of personnel in a flight path is protected, and on the other hand, the safety of the unmanned aerial vehicle body is protected; and if no situation occurs and safe landing occurs, the safe anti-falling device is protected again, and use next time is facilitated.