The invention discloses a preparation method for a single-layer graphene-enhanced aluminium-based composite material, relates to a preparation method for an aluminium-based composite material, and aims to solve the problems of high cost and great dispersing difficulty in the application of a single-layer graphene-enhanced aluminium-based composite material field at present. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, weighing multi-layer graphene micro-flake aluminium metal powder, and weighing industrial pure aluminium block bodies, wherein the industrial pure aluminium block bodies and the multi-layer graphene micro-flake aluminium metal powder are in the weight ratio of (3-10):1; secondly, dispersing multi-layer graphene micro-flakes and moulding a precast block; thirdly, performing aluminium metal infiltration; fourthly, performing large plastic deformation; fifthly, performing high-temperature fusion treatment; sixthly, performing repeated plastic deformation and high-temperature fusion treatment. According to the preparation method for the single-layer graphene-enhanced aluminium-based composite material, the low-cost multi-layer graphene micro-flakes are taken as a raw material of an enhanced body, so that the cost is low; the content of single-layer graphene in the obtained composite material can reach 4 weight percent at most. The preparation method is applicable to preparing the single-layer graphene-enhanced aluminium-based composite material.