The invention discloses a method and system for preparing nickel carbonyl powder through laterite-nickel ore. The method comprises the steps that 1, the laterite-nickel ore, coal, limestone and additives are mixed and pelletized; 2, reduction treatment is carried out on mixed pellets; 3, the metallized pellets are subjected to separation treatment, and ferro-nickel particles and tailings are obtained; 4, high-temperature atomization is carried out on the ferro-nickel particles, and ferronickel powder is obtained; 5, the ferronickel powder is in contact with carbon monoxide and sulfur-containing gaseous compounds, and a first gaseous compound containing nickel carbonyl, carbonyl iron, carbon monoxide and the sulfur-containing gaseous compounds, and iron powder are obtained; 6, the first gaseous compound is purified, and gaseous nickel carbonyl and a second gaseous mixture including the sulfur-containing gaseous compounds and carbon monoxide are obtained; 7, gaseous nickel carbonyl is decomposed, and the nickel carbonyl powder and carbon monoxide are obtained. According to the method, the cheap laterite-nickel ore can be effectively utilized for preparing the high-purity nickel carbonyl powder, and therefore production cost can be remarkably reduced.