The invention discloses a portable augmented reality ultraviolet imaging system. The ultraviolet light forms a multi-bit image through the image sensor, and the multi-bit image is binarized, and then the ultraviolet image is subjected to morphological and other digital signal processing and transmitted to the visible light camera, which performs lossless ultraviolet image compression and storage; visible light passes through the imaging module. Output high-definition visible light video images, and form three independent time stamp-based data in the visible light camera, namely ultraviolet images, visible light video images, and OSD text information, of which ultraviolet images and visible light video images can be scanned in real time. In the display stage, the panoramic ultraviolet image, the panoramic visible light image and the OSD text information are synchronously displayed by timestamp. The invention effectively expands the detection field of the instrument, realizes the discharge detection in augmented reality, enhances the intuitive and visualized fault location capability, and can also be linked with the power operation and maintenance platform by means of a mobile phone.