The invention relates to an automatic device for compact multi-band and full-polarization imaging. The automatic device for the compact multi-band and full-polarization imaging is characterized in that the automatic device comprises a lens fixing rack, a filter turning wheel, a 1/4 wave plate unit, a line polaroid unit, a collimation lens and a motor system. The motor system controls the filter turning wheel to gate a current wave band, the 1/4 wave plate unit and the line polaroid unit are rotated, and a control unit triggers a CCD to achieve shutter imaging. The polarization image of the current wave band is acquired, and the multi-band and full-polarization imaging is achieved by automatically rotating the filter turning wheel. According to the device, the filter turning wheel, the 1/4 wave plate unit, the line polaroid unit, stepping motors and the like are fixedly arranged on the lens fixing rack, the automatic device has the advantages of being simple in optical structure, compact in size, low in power consumption, low in cost and the like, and the possibility of achieving a portable spectral polarization imager is provided. The automatic device can be used for combining polarizing elements such as filters, phase retarders and polaroids at multiple angles, and important application value is achieved for studying the problems of polarization changes, multi-band and full-polarization parameter measuring and the like in an optical system.