The application discloses a high-precision matching dye based on volatile
azulene derivatives and a preparation method thereof. The dye has an
azulene ring mother
nucleus and at least one conjugated
side chain, and a general structure is shown as formula (1). The dye presents a first color when dissolved in a volatile
organic solvent, and with
solvent evaporation, the color gradually changes to a second color due to the change of the microenvironment polarity, and the
color difference value E* is greater than 5 and can be distinguished by naked eyes. The dye can also introduce a reversible
proton response group to realize high-sensitivity detection of acidic or alkaline volatile gases. The preparation method comprises the following steps: taking
azulene or substituted azulene as raw materials to prepare 1,3-diformyl azulene derivatives through a
formylation reaction, and then condensing with
nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. The dye is fast in response, obvious in color change, high in precision matching without instruments, and is suitable for fields of
solvent residue detection, volatile gas sensing and anti-counterfeiting identification.