51 results about "Impact angle" patented technology

An impact test device comprises: a liquid nitrogen tank; the output end of the liquid nitrogen tank is connected with the input end of the environment box; an impact test unit; the impact test part comprises a heat preservation box, a dip angle adjusting device and a clamping device, the dip angle adjusting device and the clamping device are both installed in the heat preservation box, the fixed end of the dip angle adjusting device is installed at the inner bottom of the heat preservation box, and the clamping device is fixedly installed at the rotating end of the dip angle adjusting device; the low-speed impact sample is placed at the rotating end of the inclination angle adjusting device and is clamped by the clamping device, and a hammer head channel is formed in the top of the heat preservation box and is arranged right above the low-speed impact sample; an environmental box; the cold output end and the heat output end of the environment box are communicated with the interior of the heat preservation box. Through cooperation of the liquid nitrogen tank, the environment box and the heat preservation box, sealing and heat preservation of the impact test environment are achieved, and tests of different impact angles can be simulated through cooperation of the inclination angle adjusting device and the clamping device.

An apparatus and method for inserting a femoral broach or femoral stem or acetabular cup into a bone. The apparatus includes at least one closed loop insertion mechanism to provide impacts on the associated handles of the broach, stem, or the acetabular cup; at least one sensor to sense a series of impacts, including impact angle, and to provide real-time feedback of the alignment and / or condition of the bone; and a processor operably connected to the at least one sensor. The processor includes an algorithm that receives the real-time feedback to control the force, frequency, and alignment of the impacts by the at least one closed loop insertion mechanism.

The application discloses a fixed-time convergence guidance control method with a landing angle constraint, and the method comprises the following steps: designing an approaching law based on a fixed-time convergence theory, obtaining a control instruction by using a sliding mode guidance law, and flying an aircraft according to the control instruction. The fixed-time convergence guidance control method with the landing angle constraint has a constant ratio of an upper limit of a convergence time of a system state to a whole guidance time, and the upper limit of the convergence time is irrelevant to an initial value of the system state, so that the problems of excessively long or excessively short convergence time and sensitivity to the initial value of the system state are effectively solved.

The invention discloses a hydrogen fuel automobile hydrogen reactor anti-impact force detection device, which comprises a sliding rail, and is characterized in that the sliding rail has a driving function and is fixedly arranged on the ground; a rotating frame is arranged on the collision support, the collision assembly is detachably connected with the rotating frame, and the collision assembly rotates along the edge of the rotating frame in the horizontal plane; the hydrogen heap and the chuck slide along the arc-shaped track, and the angle of the hydrogen heap and the chuck is changed; the sliding rail drives the sliding vehicle to slide; the balancing weight is arranged on the sliding vehicle, and the chuck is located between the balancing weight and the collision support. The hydrogen reactor has the beneficial effects that the hydrogen reactor has certain impact inertia through the multiple counter weights, the hydrogen reactor has certain impact speed through the driving effect of the sliding rail, and the impact angle of the hydrogen reactor can be changed through the guiding effect of the arc-shaped rail; the impact condition of the hydrogen reactor in the vehicle driving process can be simulated, and the difference between the impact data and the reality is reduced.

The invention discloses an icebreaker broadside impact test tool. The icebreaker broadside impact test tool comprises a support, a to-be-tested assembly, a sliding frame, a moving trolley and an impact device. The support is provided with a plurality of grooves, and the to-be-tested assembly is connected to a central groove frame and comprises a to-be-tested board and a frame structure with a plurality of pressure sensors. The sliding frame is opposite to the support, has a low near end and a high far end and is arc-shaped. And the moving trolley slides on the base to impact the to-be-tested component. The impact device is provided with a punch and an adjusting device for adjusting the impact angle and is composed of a gyroscope and rotating equipment. During testing, a to-be-tested side plate and the punch are assembled, traction is loosened after the moving trolley is pulled, and the side plate is analyzed through the pressure sensor and the laser displacement scanner. The tool can adjust the angle of the punch to simulate different impact scenes, and a to-be-tested board is replaced for comparative analysis. The device can accurately simulate the impact between the icebreaker side plate and an ice layer, comprehensively evaluate the performance of the side plate, and provide a scientific basis for the design and model selection of the icebreaker side plate.

The present application relates to the field of sports testing equipment, and the dry snow landing buffer slope testing device based on dummy ejection impact test simulates the situation when the free-style skiing aerials athlete lands by a series of devices such as pressure gas output device, ejector, test dummy, roller slide carpet and air cushion device, the main process is to provide impact speed for the dummy by the ejector, to build 1:1 roller slide carpet air cushion buffer area at the terminal position, to simulate the impact process of the athlete landing link by the initial speed and impact angle, to accelerate the dummy to a certain speed and fly horizontally out by a set of ejection operation system to simulate the speed state when the free fall is about to contact the snow slope; the angle between the snowboard and the slope surface is simulated by adjusting the foot bottom height of the test dummy when the athlete lands each time; the inclination angle state of the real snow slope is simulated by laying the roller slide carpet with a certain inclination angle; and the mechanical properties of the snow ground are simulated by the air pressure of the air cushion device below the roller slide carpet.

The utility model relates to the technical field of helmets, in particular to a split type helmet which comprises a helmet shell and a buffering protection structure, the buffering protection structure comprises a plurality of buffering protection blocks, each buffering protection block is detachably connected with the inner wall of the helmet shell through at least one buckle assembly, and every two adjacent buffering protection blocks are arranged at intervals. The buffering protection block can move relative to the helmet shell through the buckle assembly. When the helmet is impacted, the multiple buffer protection blocks can independently displace relative to the inner wall of the helmet shell and unload force, direct impact and violent rotating force are effectively absorbed, the helmet can be adjusted to adapt to various force impact angles and rotation when the helmet is impacted, and the buffer protection blocks are simple in structure and convenient to use. The buffer protection blocks are convenient to produce and manufacture, the production cost is low, disassembly, assembly and maintenance are convenient, when one buffer protection block is damaged or lost, only targeted replacement is needed, and the maintenance cost is reduced.

The utility model discloses a pumice stone processing device before installation of a roadway support frame, which comprises a hinge seat, an adjusting base is arranged at the bottom of the hinge seat, two symmetrically arranged guide rings are arranged at the top of the hinge seat, impact rods are movably inserted into the guide rings, a driving piece is rotatably arranged at the upper end of the side surface of the hinge seat, and the driving piece is connected with the adjusting base. The driving piece comprises a motor installed on the hinge seat through a motor seat, and a driving column sleeve is installed on an output shaft of the motor. According to the pumice treatment device before installation of the roadway supporting frame, the height and the impact angle of the impact rod can be adjusted according to the height of pumice, the pumice is cleaned in an impact mode, manpower can be saved, and the working efficiency is improved; in addition, when the handle is used for operation, it can be guaranteed that an operator conducts pumice stone cleaning within a certain safe distance, so that workers are prevented from being injured when the pumice stone falls off, operation safety is high, and use is convenient.

The invention discloses an ice water impact test box with an adjustable impact angle and a use method thereof, and relates to the field of ice water impact tests.The ice water impact test box comprises an equipment box, a water tank is arranged in the equipment box, a supporting shaft is rotationally connected to the middle of the water tank, a supporting rotary disc is fixedly connected to the top of the supporting shaft, and a clamp assembly is arranged on the supporting rotary disc; a first motor is fixedly connected to the top of the equipment box and is in transmission connection with the supporting shaft. The ice water impact test device has the beneficial effects that the structure is simple, the use is convenient, the direction of the supporting turntable can be adjusted through driving of the first motor, so that ice water impact tests can be performed from different angles according to requirements, and meanwhile, the device can also adjust the position of impacted ice water, so that the impact tests are performed in multiple dimensions; and the comprehensiveness and reliability of test data are ensured. And the device is also provided with a filtrate disc, so that the liquid after the test can be treated so as to be recycled, and the economical efficiency is greatly improved.

The present invention proposes a four-stage two-dimensional guidance method based on Bezier curves, which is characterized by steps including determining whether the desired impact angle satisfies the constraint conditions in the line-of-sight coordinate system, adjusting the desired impact angle in the line-of-sight coordinate system, determining whether the length of the Bezier curve matches the remaining flight distance, adjusting the track angle in the line-of-sight coordinate system, determining whether the Bezier trajectory in the fixed line-of-sight coordinate system is tracked completely, generating a lateral acceleration for tracking the Bezier trajectory in the line-of-sight coordinate system, and using the proportional navigation control method to attack the target. Based on the monotonicity law of the two-stage trajectory length, the present invention designs a four-stage guidance control method based on Bezier curves, achieving high-precision control of the attack time and attack angle under variable speed conditions of the aircraft. This method has a wide range of applications and changes the situation that the previous Bezier curve-related guidance laws are not applicable to the cases of too small launch angles and desired impact angles.

The utility model discloses an anti-drop shock-resistant angle grinder protective cover which comprises a cover body, a hoop is arranged at the top of the cover body, a locking mechanism is arranged in the hoop and comprises a screw rod, the screw rod penetrates through the two ends of the hoop, a hexagonal block is fixed to the right end of the screw rod, a nut is connected to the outer side wall of the screw rod in a threaded mode, and the nut is fixed to the outer side wall of the screw rod in a threaded mode. And a fixing cylinder is fixed to the right side of the clamping hoop, two abrasive paper strips are fixed in the fixing cylinder, and a rotating ring is rotationally connected to the outer side wall of the screw rod. According to the anti-falling impact-resistant angle grinder protective cover, the locking mechanism is arranged, a moving cylinder extrudes an ejector block, the ejector block pushes a moving rod, the moving block and an abrasive paper block to move, and the abrasive paper block makes contact with an abrasive paper strip, so that friction force is increased, a rotating ring is prevented from moving rightwards, a screw rotates reversely to drive the rotating ring to move rightwards, movement of the rotating ring is limited, and reverse rotation of the screw is limited; therefore, the locking stability of the clamp is ensured, and the cover body is prevented from falling off due to looseness.

The invention relates to the technical field of Pick ball detection, in particular to a Pick ball hitting resistance and high-precision flight path detection device which comprises a machine base. A detection cavity and a recovery cavity are formed in the machine base; the detection cavity is provided with a ball serving device and an impact plate; the device further comprises a recovery device. And cameras are arranged on the top wall and the side wall of the detection cavity. The cyclic impact test of the Pick ball is realized by arranging the ball serving device and the recycling device, the impact resistance evaluation efficiency and accuracy are improved, different impact angles, speeds and strengths can be set by adopting a repeated impact test method, and the real working condition of the Pick ball in long-term use is simulated; the camera is used for dynamic capture, and the three-dimensional motion trail, speed, rotation state and impact characteristics of the Pick ball can be collected in real time; the test standardization degree is improved, the limitation of the traditional single impact test is solved, and the impact resistance and the track detection precision of the equipment are more reliably verified.

The application discloses a kind of floating pontoon type suspended tunnel test devices considering variable angle of attack of ship impact, immersion depth, including segmental modular design tunnel pipe body, end posture adjusting device, pontoon, column, ship impact simulation system and measuring system.End posture adjusting device can adjust the angle of attack of tunnel pipe body and immersion depth;Pontoon is connected tunnel pipe body by column and provides floating force, and the middle section of column is provided with weak connection component, and it is automatically disconnected when impact load exceeds threshold value;The impact device of ship impact simulation system can adjust impact energy, position and angle;Measuring system is through multiple sensors to collect column and tunnel pipe body stress, tunnel pipe body acceleration and pontoon displacement data.The device can simulate dynamic response and failure process under multiple working conditions, and provide reliable test data support for design optimization of floating pontoon type suspended tunnel.

This utility model discloses an impact testing device, including a test support structure. One side of the test support structure supports an impact test piece, and the other side supports an impact mechanism with an adjustable impact angle. The impact mechanism includes a drive mechanism and a rim dummy connected to the drive mechanism. A tire belt is fixed to the rim dummy using a tire belt clamp, with the tire belt exposed on the outer side of the rim dummy. The drive mechanism can drive the rim dummy to rotate, causing the tire belt to impact the impact test piece. This utility model can effectively simulate the impact test environment of a tire rotating at high speed with a tire belt, and the test results are closer to real-world results.

The present application belongs to the technical field of thin-walled shell impact toughness test, and particularly relates to a trans-medium underwater vehicle thin-walled shell impact toughness test device and method. The device comprises an underwater vehicle test piece, a test column, a guider, an accelerator, an accumulator and a test pool, wherein the guider is arranged between the test column and the test pool, the underwater vehicle test piece is suspended on the guider, the accelerator and the accumulator are arranged on the test column, the tail of the underwater vehicle test piece is connected with the accumulator, the bow is connected with the accelerator, the underwater vehicle test piece is connected with the accumulator and the accelerator through an explosion hanger, the accumulator is used for accumulating gravitational potential energy of the underwater vehicle test piece and the accelerator, and the accelerator provides a downward water-impact acceleration for the underwater vehicle test piece. The present application effectively controls the water-impact angle by using the guider, effectively controls the water-impact kinetic energy of the aircraft by using the accumulator and the accelerator, and effectively controls the cost.

The present invention relates to a technology based on time coordination and belongs to the field of guidance technology. That is, the terminal guidance algorithm can perform time constraints to solve the problem of terminal cooperative strike. By decoupling the time constraint and the impact angle constraint, time control is realized in the lateral plane. And on this basis, taking the remaining time as the coordination variable, a cooperative terminal guidance strategy using a two-layer architecture is used to achieve the cooperative strike of multiple cruise missiles on the target. Thus, the problems of easily reducing the impact angle and time constraint control capabilities of the guidance algorithm and easily causing mutual interference between impact angle control and time control, which affect the miss distance, impact angle and time control accuracy, are solved.

The present invention provides a test system and method for simulating a full-scale ship side structure collision. The struck barge is equipped with a side frame device, an anchoring device, and a towing motion device. The impact angle of the side frame device can be adjusted by changing the anchoring state of the struck barge. The bow of the striking barge is equipped with an impact device for collision, and the bottom of the ship is equipped with a connecting device connected to the towing motion device, which is also equipped with a speed detection device and a displacement detection device. The present invention conducts a ship side structure collision test in natural waters of rivers. Both the striking barge and the struck barge are full-scale ships. The influence of complex natural factors such as water flow, wind and waves in actual waters is fully considered, and the actual situation of ship collision is truly restored. According to the results of the collision test, the impact resistance of the ship side structure can be accurately analyzed, providing a direct and reliable scientific basis for the evaluation and optimization design of the ship's collision resistance performance.

The application discloses a guidance method with field of view angle and impact angle constraints suitable for variable-speed aircrafts and belongs to the technical field of precise guidance of aircrafts. The application realizes the method as follows: the end impact angle γ f of the aircraft under the proportional guidance is predicted, the difference δ between the expected end impact angle γ d and the end impact angle prediction value γ f is defined as the impact angle control error, and when the impact angle control error δ converges to zero, γ f γ d . The expected change rate of the impact angle control error δ is designed to ensure that δ converges to zero before hitting the target and to meet the field of view angle limitation of the guidance head; the feedback structure of the biased proportional guidance is adopted, the biased item is designed, the impact angle control error δ of the aircraft follows the designed expected change rate, and then the aircraft meets the impact angle and field of view angle constraints while precisely hitting the target, thereby realizing the guidance of the aircraft with the field of view angle and impact angle constraints. In the case that the speed of the aircraft is time-varying, the application can still guarantee the impact angle control performance and meet the field of view angle constraints.

The utility model discloses a support for correcting the striking angle of a rebound apparatus, relates to the field of rebound apparatuses, and solves the problems that lines need to be manually drawn one by one when a grid pattern is drawn, the drawing is relatively tedious, and the overall measurement efficiency is influenced, the support comprises four support rods, the support rods are provided with a rebound apparatus body through a positioning structure, and the four support rods are distributed in a rectangular shape; a drawing frame structure is installed between the two supporting rods on any side and comprises a pressing plate and a pressing box, the front side wall and the rear side wall of the bottom of the pressing box are rotationally connected with the side faces of the adjacent supporting rods through pin shafts, the adjacent side faces of the two pressing boxes are open, imprinting frames are arranged in the pressing boxes, and the pressing plate is arranged in the center of the outer side face of each pressing box. One end of the pressing rod penetrates through the pressing box in a sliding mode and is fixedly connected with the imprinting frame, and the other end of the pressing rod is provided with a spring in a surrounding mode, so that the complexity of manually drawing lines one by one is avoided, the operation is simpler and more convenient, and the overall efficiency of measurement work is improved.

The present invention provides a cooling component, comprising an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder sleeved on the outside of the inner cylinder, the outer wall surface of the inner cylinder is provided with a plurality of inner grooves distributed along the circumferential direction, the inner wall surface of the outer cylinder is provided with a plurality of outer grooves distributed along the circumferential direction, and the number of the inner grooves is the same as the outer grooves; in the circumferential direction, the inner groove comprises a first end and a second end relative to each other, the outer grooves on both sides of the inner groove are a first outer groove and a second outer groove, the first end of the inner groove is only connected with a part of the first outer groove, and the second end of the inner groove is only connected with a part of the second outer groove, the plurality of inner grooves and the plurality of outer grooves constitute an annular cooling flow path surrounding the inner cylinder, so that the impact jet formed by the cooling liquid can have a relatively stable impact angle with the part to be impacted, thereby improving the cooling effect of the impact jet.

The application belongs to the technical field of speed loading, and discloses an impact angle adjusting device of an impact testing machine. The device comprises a pit and an adjustable base, wherein: the pit is a hollow cube, the upper surface of the pit is provided with a support, the support is matched with a rotating shaft on the side of the impact testing machine, on one hand, the support supports the impact testing machine, on the other hand, the impact testing machine rotates around the rotating shaft; the adjustable base is used for adjusting the impact angle of the impact testing machine; the adjustable base comprises a support, a first angle adjusting unit and a second angle adjusting unit, the first angle adjusting unit and the second angle adjusting unit both comprise a circular arc seat and a support frame, the upper surface of the circular arc seat is an arc-shaped track, the lower surface of the support frame is an arc-shaped bottom surface, the arc-shaped bottom surface is matched with the arc-shaped track, the position of the support frame is adjusted by sliding on the arc-shaped track, and the angle of the impact testing machine is adjusted in this way. Through the application, the problem of angle adjustment of the impact testing machine in the impact experiment is solved.

The utility model discloses a kind of impact angle adjusting mechanism of punch pile machine square hammer, including the support of symmetrical arrangement, the vertical plate is installed between the support, two groups of hydraulic rod are symmetrically installed on the one side wall of vertical plate. Advantageous effect lies in: the utility model is adjusted by setting a group of auxiliary positioning mechanism consisting of adjusting shaft, level sensor, servo motor, detection plate and laser positioner, when the impact angle of hammer block is adjusted by hydraulic rod, in the process of vertical plate rotation, level sensor detects the levelness of detection plate and keeps detection plate always horizontal by servo motor driving adjusting shaft rotation, and then laser positioner can make the laser point that it strikes play auxiliary reference role to staff, can adjust the direction and angle of hammer block according to laser point, ensure that hammer block and pile hole are in the same axiality, on the one hand, it can be quickly adjusted in place, and adjustment efficiency is high, on the other hand, improve its use effect.

The invention relates to a method for detecting minor damage to a vehicle (1) using a central control unit (12) in which an internal sensor (14) is arranged, and an evaluation and control unit (20), wherein direction-dependent sensor data are continuously received from the internal sensor (14) and processed and evaluated as required, wherein at least one feature is calculated based on the direction-dependent sensor data or the processed direction-dependent sensor data, wherein an impact zone (AZ) and an impact angle (AW) are estimated based on the at least one calculated feature, and wherein at least one threshold value is specified based on the estimated impact zone (AZ) and the estimated impact angle (AW).wherein the at least one calculated feature and / or the direction-dependent sensor data and / or the processed direction-dependent sensor data are compared with the at least one threshold value, wherein an external influence on the vehicle (1) and a corresponding minor damage are detected if the at least one calculated feature and / or the direction-dependent sensor data and / or the processed direction-dependent sensor data exceed the at least one predetermined threshold value and fall below a trigger threshold of restraint devices of an occupant protection system of the vehicle (1), as well as a control unit arrangement (10) for a vehicle (1).

The utility model discloses an anti-impact angular contact ball bearing, which relates to the technical field of angular contact ball bearings and comprises an outer ring, an inner ring is arranged in the middle of the outer ring, and two symmetrically distributed retainers are slidably clamped between the outer ring and the inner ring. A plurality of mounting holes distributed in an annular array mode are formed in the middles of the two retainers, rolling bodies are slidably clamped in the middles of the mounting holes, elastic connecting pieces are fixedly installed in the middles of the two retainers, two symmetrically-distributed mounting blocks are fixedly installed on one side of one retainer, and the elastic connecting pieces are fixedly installed on the other side of the other retainer. The retainer can be conveniently detached from the position between the inner ring and the outer ring through the arrangement of the inside hexagonal bolts, meanwhile, the retainer is of a sectional structure through the arrangement of the elastic connecting pieces, all the sections are connected through the elastic connecting pieces so as to adapt to deformation under impact loads, and the service life of the retainer is prolonged. The impact resistance and the bearing capacity of the bearing are obviously improved, and the service life is prolonged.

The utility model provides an impact angle adjusting structure of a tempered glass hammering detection device, and relates to the field of tempered glass impact resistance testing, the impact angle adjusting structure comprises a coupling, a fixing part detachably combined with the coupling, a hammer handle screwed into the fixing part, and a first handle sleeve and a second handle sleeve which are respectively arranged at two sides of the fixing part and are screwed on the hammer handle; one end part of the hammer handle is provided with a hammer head for hammering toughened glass, after the position of the hammer head relative to the fixed part is determined, the fixed part is tightly pressed by the first handle sleeve and the second handle sleeve, and the relative position of the fixed part at the hammer handle is kept; according to the invention, the angle of hammering the toughened glass by the pendulum bob can be adjusted based on the position of the screw rod relative to the fixed part, in addition, interference factors in the hammering process are further eliminated, and the hammering process is limited to a fixed contact position at the edge of the hammer head, so that the hammering angle of the toughened glass can be adjusted. And the tempered glass can be hammered at different angles.

The utility model discloses a dust remover cathode rapping device which comprises impact angle steel, at least one impact steel plate, a reinforcing rib plate and a connecting piece, the impact angle steel is arranged on the impact steel plate, and the reinforcing rib plate is arranged between a vertical edge body of the impact angle steel and the impact steel plate. Compared with the prior art, the cathode rapping device has the advantages that the reliability of cathode rapping can be improved, and potential safety hazards such as short circuit and the like caused by the fact that the impact angle steel falls on the anode plate of the dust remover after falling off are avoided.

The invention discloses a composite material impact damage simulation modeling method, system and device and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: building a three-dimensional geometric model of a composite material according to microscopic characterization; according to the impact angle and the material characteristics, different finite element unit types are adopted for modeling; in the simulation model, endowing each layer with a corresponding material direction according to the layer angle so as to define the orthotropic mechanical property of the layer; performing explicit dynamic analysis on the assembled simulation model, and simulating an impact process by adopting an explicit integral algorithm; simulation data of the simulation impact process are obtained, and damage evaluation is carried out. The method has the remarkable effects that high-precision simulation and effective evaluation of the impact damage behavior of the composite pipe are realized, and the method is suitable for failure mode prediction, dynamic mechanical response analysis and damage evaluation under various impact angles and energy conditions.

The application discloses a kind of composite guidance aircraft guidance control methods considering fly time angle of fall constraint, comprising the following steps: setting guidance law in multiple aircrafts;Desired terminal missile line-of-sight angle and desired flight time of multiple aircrafts are set;For each aircraft, after the aircraft is launched, the condition information of the aircraft is acquired in real time, the condition information is input into the guidance law, and the overload instruction of the aircraft is obtained;The guidance law includes angle of fall control sub-guidance law and fly time control sub-guidance law, angle of fall control sub-guidance law is used to control aircraft to reach target position according to expected angle of fall, and fly time control sub-guidance law is used to control aircraft to reach target position according to expected flight time.The composite guidance aircraft guidance control method considering fly time angle of fall constraint disclosed by the application can realize accurate guidance under the double constraints of fly time and angle of fall, so that the aircraft can realize strong anti-interference high-precision saturated attack.

This utility model relates to a wear-resistant structure suitable for black water buffer tanks, including an isolation layer and a wear-resistant layer welded to the inner end face of a flange cover. The isolation layer is located between the wear-resistant layer and the inner end face of the flange cover. A hemispherical impact zone protruding outwards is provided in the center of the inner end face of the flange cover, and a conical reflection zone is provided around the impact zone. The outer edge of the reflection zone extends to the outer edge of the inner end face of the flange cover, and the height of the outer edge of the reflection zone is not lower than the center height of the impact zone. The inner edge of the reflection zone transitions to the outer edge of the impact zone with a rounded arc. The isolation layer and the wear-resistant layer completely cover the reflection zone and the impact zone. This utility model utilizes the isolation layer welded between the wear-resistant layer and the substrate to absorb the stress released by the wear-resistant layer, protecting the mechanical properties of the substrate from the influence of stress release from the wear-resistant layer. Simultaneously, the impact zone and reflection zone on the inner end face of the flange cover utilize the spherical structure of the impact zone to increase the contact area with the highly abrasive medium, reduce the impact angle, and decrease the degree of wear.

The application discloses a multi-aircraft cooperative guidance method meeting a falling angle constraint in a three-dimensional space. In the method, a three-dimensional falling angle constraint guidance law is proposed for each aircraft, and an explicit residual flight time estimation method is given. Then, the above guidance law is taken as a basic guidance law, the residual flight time estimation value is taken as a coordination variable, and a bias instruction for residual flight time consistency adjustment is additionally added, so that the multi-aircraft reaches the target position in a specified direction at the same time.