43 results about "Inspiration Time" patented technology

A breathing assistance device is provides guidance to the rescuer, guidance to the victim, and modifies treatment parameters automatically based upon feedback loops relating to patient needs. Guidance can include pictograms showing cartoons of lung expansion, airway patency, breathing rate, and depth of breathing. A microprocessor preferably produces the pictorial guidance as a function of at least one of estimated end tidal CO2, estimated fractional inspired oxygen, estimated fractional expired oxygen, estimated airway resistance, and estimated lung compliance. The microprocessor can also execute a software code that executes a feedback loop that attempts to normalize values of a parameter over time, by controlling at least one pressure in a neck pillow, mask pressure, breathing rate, breathing volume, inspiration time, and expiration time. Contemplated parameters can include estimated end tidal CO2, estimated fractional inspired oxygen, estimated fractional expired oxygen, estimated airway resistance, and estimated lung compliance.

A method, system and device are provided for the determination of leaks in a respirator. An inspiration pressure pinsp is recorded during an inspiration time Tinsp with a measuring device. The inspiration pressure pinsp is varied during consecutive breaths I. Leaks are determined as to leak volumes VLi from the product of pinspi and Tinspi in accordance with the equationVLi=A×pinspiB×Tinspi while the parameters A and B are determined in an analyzing unit by a regression model with pinsp as the regressor.

A method, system and device are provided for the determination of leaks in a respirator. An inspiraton pressure pinsp is recorded during an inspiration time Tinsp with a measuring device. The inspiration pressure pinsp is varied during consecutive breaths I. Leaks are determined as to leak volumes VLi from the product of pinspi and Tinspi in accordance with the equationVLi=A×pinspiB×Tinspi while the parameters A and B are determined in an analyzing unit by a regression model with pinsp as the regressor.

The invention discloses a sleep apnea monitoring method and system, and relates to the technical field of home medical equipment. The sleep apnea monitoring method comprises the steps that the temperature of respiratory airflow in the nares and the mouth is detected through a temperature sensor, and temperature fluctuation of the respiratory airflow generated every time is sensed; the respiratory frequency, the expiration time and the inspiration time of a human body are obtained according to temperature fluctuation of the respiratory airflow and then recorded; if the respiratory frequency of the human body changes and the interval time exceeds a preset time threshold value, one time of apnea is determined, the apnea numbers are accumulated, and the apnea time and the effective total monitoring time are recorded. According to the sleep apnea monitoring method, the temperature of the respiratory airflow is detected through the temperature sensor, temperature fluctuation of the respiratory airflow generated every time is sensed, then the respiratory frequency of the human body is calculated, and whether the apnea is generated or not is judged through changes of the respiratory frequency and recorded; the system is simple in structure and relatively low in cost.

The invention relates to the field of medical instruments and particularly discloses a mechanical ventilation control method of a positive pressure respirator and the respirator. According to the mechanical ventilation control method of the positive pressure respirator, the respiration state is judged by a microcontroller according to air pressure and air flow, the pressure information is used as the input parameter of a PID controller, a control voltage is obtained after the pressure information is input into the PID controller, then an air supply device is controlled, and pressure is provided for a respiration catheter; a next inspiration time is predicted during the expiratory phase, the respirator is controlled to release pressure in advance during the inspiratory phase, and the respirator is controlled to generate positive pressure support at the tail stage of expiration. The mechanical ventilation control method of the positive pressure respirator and the respirator have the advantages that predetermined respiration pressure can be obtained fast, and pressure fluctuation is reduced; due to the fact that the pressure is released in advance before the inspiratory phase, man-machine synchronism is improved; in addition, due to the fact that the positive pressure support is added at the tail stage of expiration, the respirator can better conform with human body respiration physiological characteristics, and the problem that an air passage is closed again due to over low pressure support is solved.

The invention relates to a breathing switching based breathing machine pressure control method and a breathing machine. The breathing switching based breathing machine pressure control method comprises the steps that gas flow data of the breathing machine is acquired, an expiration time point corresponding to an expiration inflection point of a user during expiration in each expiration period is determined according to the acquired gas flow data; whether a breathing state of the user is rapid breathing or normal breathing is judged based on the gas flow data corresponding after the expiration time point within the same expiration period, and whether an inspiration time point when the user begin to inspire corresponding in a breathing period is determined according to a judgement result; a breathing machine pressure is controlled based on the gas flow data corresponding to the expiration time point in each breathing period and the gas flow data corresponding to the inspiration time point. The breathing switching can accurately control the breathing machine pressure, discomfort brought to the user in the using process is avoided, and the usage experience of the user is improved.

The invention provides a respiration parameter setting method and device of respiratory support equipment and the respiratory support equipment. The method comprises the steps of acquiring basic information of a patient; determining values of respiration parameters of the respiratory support equipment according to the basic information to set the respiration parameters, wherein the respiration parameters include at least one of the ventilation mode, the tidal volume, the inspiration pressure level, the inhaled oxygen concentration, the positive end-expiratory pressure, the inspiration time, the breath holding time, the rise time, the support pressure and the trigger sensitivity. The initial parameters of the respiratory support equipment can be automatically set so that the respiratory support equipment can be quickly matched with conditions of a patient, correspondingly the probability of patient-ventilator asynchrony is decreased, and the patient can quickly synchronize with the respiratory support equipment and start to receive respiratory therapy.

The invention provides a ventilation mode switching method and device for a breath-supported anesthesia apparatus. The invention solves the problems that the traditional anesthesia apparatus adopting default parameter settings when switching among different modes in the prior art needs complicated operation parameter settings, and inconsistency of parameter settings of different modes can lead to different tidal volumes, causing harm to the lungs. The method can switch the ventilation mode from a control ventilation mode to a synchronous intermittent command ventilation (SIMV) mode, and comprises the following steps: S101: acquiring the tidal volume in the SIMV mode; S103: adjusting the breath holding time and inspiration time according to the tidal volume, breathing rate and inspiration / expiration ratio; and S105: adjusting the breathing rate. Compared with the prior art, the invention is more suitable for breath management, enhances the operation safety of the anesthesia apparatus or breathing machine, lowers the harm to the lungs, and is convenient for operation.

The invention discloses a method, a device and a respirator for voltage stabilization of continuous positive pressure ventilation. The method comprises the following steps: receiving a flow rate of a respirable gas in a pressurized flow, which is measured by a flow sensor, according to a preset time interval; ensuring a second derivative of the flow rate of a preset time point; acquiring an average flow rate, air leakage, an inspiration tidal volume and inspiration time; judging whether the average flow rate is greater than the air leakage; if so, determining a gain value to be a product of a value of a quotient of the inspiration tidal volume divided by the inspiration time minus the air leakage and a first coefficient; if not, determining the gain value to be a product of a value of a quotient of the inspiration tidal volume divided by the inspiration time minus the air leakage and a second coefficient, wherein the first coefficient is greater than the second coefficient; determining a respiration vector which is a product of the gain value and the second derivative; and controlling a driving signal of a baseline configuration pressure generator on the basis of the respiration vector and a pressure generator. The method foresees a flow rate variation trend through the respiration vector, controls the flow rate of the current time point, and guarantees stable output pressure of the respirator.

Respiration system for non-invasive positive-pressure respiration, with a pressure source providing respiratory gas, with a control and evaluation unit connected to sensors detecting a leakage volume, spontaneous respiration frequency, tidal volume and the inspiration time. The control and evaluation unit I) checks the leakage volume and reduces the inspiratory pressure assistance proceeding to ii) or triggers an alarm and returns to I), ii) checks the frequency and triggers an alarm and returns to I) or reduces or increases the inspiratory pressure and returns to I) or proceeds to step iii), iii) checks the volume and reduces or increases the inspiratory pressure and returns to I) or leaves the pressure assistance unchanged proceeding to step iv), iv) adjusts the time period of the pressure assistance, depending on the inspiration time, the time period being left unchanged if the inspiration time lies in the predefined inspiration time interval, and returns to I).

The invention discloses a volumetric ventilation control method and system for a turbo ventilator, and the method comprises the steps: 1) calculating a target flow velocity according to a target tidal volume and total inspiration time, and calculating a target pressure according to airway resistance and a lung compliance value in combination with the target flow velocity; 2) calculating a turbine output pressure value in real time according to the target pressure within the total air suction time, and conducting calculating to obtain a turbine rotating speed in combination with the target flow speed; and (3) conducting proportional differential integral control according to the deviation value of the flow velocity value monitored in real time and the target flow velocity, adjusting the rotating speed of the turbine by adjusting the driving voltage of the turbine, and thereby keeping the constant flow velocity. According to the ventilation control method, a method in the prior art that a proportional valve is needed for adjusting the flow speed is effectively improved, the gas circuit structure is simplified, the ventilation performance and control precision of the turbine are improved, the turbine controls the ventilation effect accurately and reliably through actual ventilation use on the breathing machine, and the good effect is achieved.

The invention relates to the field of the respiratory medicine department, in particular to first aid auxiliary respiration equipment. The first aid auxiliary respiration equipment comprises a stirring assembly, an atomizing assembly and a respiration assembly; a liquid or solid reactant is produced in a chemical plant, and when a patient is rescued in the respiratory medicine department, the problems often occur that the concentration of an existing medicament is not suitable, and the patient can take the medicament only after the medicament is mixed and stirred by different devices, or the rescue effect is influenced when the medicament which is not uniformly mixed is inhaled into the body of the patient. The first aid auxiliary respiration equipment solves the problems, stirring bladesrevolve on their own axes in the reverse direction while rotating around the common axis to complete stirring quickly and evenly, when the rotation speed of stirring shafts is the maximum, the pressure of two boosting fans on a stirring chamber is the maximum, the medicament flows out of the stirring chamber through a liquid outlet valve and collides with an atomizing plate, the high-speed flowingliquid can have an atomization phenomenon after hitting an obstacle, the atomized medicament flows into the respiration assembly through mist outlet holes, the respiration assembly assists the patient in inspiration and expiration, the inspiration time is longer than the expiration time, and the medicament better enters the body of the patient to rescue the patient.

A ventilator system is presented. The ventilator system includes a controller configured to generate a first control signal for a first time-period and a second control signal for a second time-period during an inspiration time. Also, the ventilator system includes a rotary pump configured to change one of a pressure and a flow rate of the drive gas to a first value if the first control signal is received and change the one of the pressure and the flow rate of the drive gas to a second value if the second control signal is received. Further, the rotary pump is configured to deliver the drive gas to cause supply of a medical gas during the inspiration time, wherein the medical gas is supplied based on the one of the pressure and the flow rate of the drive gas delivered from the rotary pump.

The function of a respiration system, with a patient port (1) with connected inspiration branch (3) and expiration branch, is checked. A rebreathing line (9) connects the inspiration branch to the expiration branch. A reservoir (25) is connected to a reservoir port (27) in the rebreathing line. An actuatable control valve (29) is provided in the rebreathing line between the expiration branch and the reservoir port. A pressure sensor (33) is connected to the rebreathing line. A control unit (39) is connected to the control valve and to pressure sensor. The process includes closing the control valve for a preset inspiration time and opening it for a preset expiration time. The value sent by the pressure sensor is detected with the control valve opened during the expiration time and compared with a preset first threshold valve. An error message is generated when the value sent exceeds the first threshold value.

The invention discloses a method for controlling output oxygen concentration of a breathing machine. Respective final tidal volume and opening time of two proportional valves can be calculated according to the set tidal volume and oxygen concentration integrally output by the breathing machine and respective oxygen concentration and inspiration time of two paths of input gases, and according to the detection and feedback of the tidal volume, the error between the output tidal volume of different proportional valves and the calculated value are finely adjusted until the output tidal volume of each proportional valve can accord with the calculated value. Therefore, the output gas of the breathing machine can meet the set output oxygen concentration without adopting oxygen concentration detection and feedback, a high-precision proportional valve is not needed, the input pressures of the proportional valves do not need to be adjusted to be the same to ensure the output consistency of all the proportional valves, the debugging time when the breathing machine is used is shortened, the rescue speed and efficiency are improved, and the product cost is reduced.

The function of a respiration system, with a patient port (1) with connected inspiration branch (3) and expiration branch, is checked. A rebreathing line (9) connects the inspiration branch to the expiration branch. A reservoir (25) is connected to a reservoir port (27) in the rebreathing line. An actuatable control valve (29) is provided in the rebreathing line between the expiration branch and the reservoir port. A pressure sensor (33) is connected to the rebreathing line. A control unit (39) is connected to the control valve and to pressure sensor. The process includes closing the control valve for a preset inspiration time and opening it for a preset expiration time. The value sent by the pressure sensor is detected with the control valve opened during the expiration time and compared with a preset first threshold valve. An error message is generated when the value sent exceeds the first threshold value.

The invention relates to the field of medical instruments and particularly discloses a mechanical ventilation control method of a positive pressure respirator and the respirator. According to the mechanical ventilation control method of the positive pressure respirator, the respiration state is judged by a microcontroller according to air pressure and air flow, the pressure information is used as the input parameter of a PID controller, a control voltage is obtained after the pressure information is input into the PID controller, then an air supply device is controlled, and pressure is provided for a respiration catheter; a next inspiration time is predicted during the expiratory phase, the respirator is controlled to release pressure in advance during the inspiratory phase, and the respirator is controlled to generate positive pressure support at the tail stage of expiration. The mechanical ventilation control method of the positive pressure respirator and the respirator have the advantages that predetermined respiration pressure can be obtained fast, and pressure fluctuation is reduced; due to the fact that the pressure is released in advance before the inspiratory phase, man-machine synchronism is improved; in addition, due to the fact that the positive pressure support is added at the tail stage of expiration, the respirator can better conform with human body respiration physiological characteristics, and the problem that an air passage is closed again due to over low pressure support is solved.

The invention relates to a method for controlling the inspiration ascent time of an anesthesia machine and a respirator. The method includes the following steps of: (1) estimating the air resistance (R) value and the compliance (C) value of a patient by using an R and C rapid estimation technology in a control starting state; (2) calculating an average flow rate F in an inspiration ascent time according to a formula F=Delta P / (E*Tramp+R) in an inspiration starting process; (3) setting an upper limit control flow rate in a time which is less than a set inspiration time as F in an inspiration valve and expiration valve cooperative adjustment system; (4) regularly measuring the actual flow of a feedback valve output flow rate in the inspiration ascent time, and slowly increasing the valve output flow rate to the upper limit control flow rate F when the inspiration ascent time is in the set time and the valve output flow rate is less than the upper limit control flow rate F; and (5) eliminating limitation on flow rate upper limit control of the inspiration valve and expiration valve cooperative adjustment system, and switching to inspiration valve and expiration valve cooperative pressure adjustment after the inspiration ascent time surpasses the set ascent time.

The invention provides an airflow limitation detection method. The airflow limitation detection method comprises the steps of 1, obtaining airflow data of a user in an inspiration stage; 2, calculating the inspiration time, and obtaining an inspiration flow peak time point and a flow mean value of an inspiration stage; and 3, when the flow peak time point is smaller than a first preset time pointor larger than a second preset time point, and the flow mean deviation of the user between the first preset time point and the second preset time point is smaller than a first threshold value, judgingthat airflow is limited. The airflow limitation detection method can effectively detect airflow limitation when a user uses a respirator, provides powerful help for further ventilation treatment, caneliminate other apnea, gasp, cough and other events, further improves the airflow limitation detection accuracy, and improves the user experience, so the comfort level of ventilation treatment is improved, the use compliance of a user is improved, and the ventilation treatment effect of the respirator is improved.

The invention discloses an intelligent inspiratory muscle training system which comprises a breathing channel, an adjustable throttling device, a first pressure detection module, a second pressure detection module, a micro-processing module and an interaction module. The adjustable throttling device is used for controlling the resistance of air suction; the pressure detection module is used for detecting the inspiration oral cavity pressure and the breathing channel tail end pressure, the micro-processing module calculates the inspiration flow speed, the inspiration peak flow speed, the inspiration time and the inspiration capacity value during inspiration according to gear information of the adjustable throttling device, the inspiration oral cavity pressure and the breathing channel tailend pressure, and results are displayed through the interaction module. The intelligent inspiration resistance training device aims at achieving intelligent inspiration resistance training, and safe and effective execution of inspiration resistance training is facilitated.

The invention belongs to the technical field of training instruments, and particularly relates to an active guiding type breathing training method and device. According to the breathing training method, a sound melody serves as a guiding sound for expiration or inspiration, a user can actively anticipate the length of the expiration or inspiration when hearing the guiding sound, and therefore theexpiration or inspiration process is actively adjusted to be smooth; the guiding sound is the sound melody and comprises music 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 1 or sound of 1, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1; and themusic sound is sent out by the training device to serve as the guiding sound to guide the user to expire or inhale, the user prejudges the expiration or inspiration time after hearing the melody withthe music rhythm, and therefore breathing is smooth.

In one embodiment, a method (100) is described. The method includes obtaining (102) an indication of a speech pattern of the subject and using (104) the indication to determine a predicted inspiration time of the subject. A machine learning model is used to predict a relationship between a speech pattern and a breathing pattern of a subject. The machine learning model may then be used to determine a predicted inspiratory time for the subject. The method further includes controlling (106) delivery of gas to the subject based on the predicted inspiration time of the subject.

Respiration system for non-invasive positive-pressure respiration, with a pressure source providing respiratory gas, with a control and evaluation unit connected to sensors detecting a leakage volume, spontaneous respiration frequency, tidal volume and the inspiration time. The control and evaluation unit I) checks the leakage volume and reduces the inspiratory pressure assistance proceeding to ii) or triggers an alarm and returns to I), ii) checks the frequency and triggers an alarm and returns to I) or reduces or increases the inspiratory pressure and returns to I) or proceeds to step iii), iii) checks the volume and reduces or increases the inspiratory pressure and returns to I) or leaves the pressure assistance unchanged proceeding to step iv), iv) adjusts the time period of the pressure assistance, depending on the inspiration time, the time period being left unchanged if the inspiration time lies in the predefined inspiration time interval, and returns to I).

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a ventilation method and system comprising an adjustable trigger window and a breathing machine. The method comprises the following steps: calculating expiration time according to the set breathing frequency and inspiration time of a user; counting autonomous respiration parameters of the user in a preset time window; calculating a first trigger window candidate value and a second trigger window candidate value based on the autonomous respiration parameter; limiting the first trigger window candidate value to enable the first trigger window candidate value to be not greater than a second trigger window candidate value; combining the first trigger window candidate value and the second trigger window candidate value to obtain a trigger window duration; setting an upper limit value of the time length of the triggering window, and limiting when the time length of the triggering window exceeds the upper limit value; in the trigger window, if a trigger event is detected, starting one-time support ventilation; if the trigger event is not detected when the trigger window is ended, starting one-time control ventilation; and out of the trigger window, autonomous respiration with unlimited times is allowed to be carried out.

The invention discloses a method, a device and a respirator for voltage stabilization of continuous positive pressure ventilation. The method comprises the following steps: receiving a flow rate of a respirable gas in a pressurized flow, which is measured by a flow sensor, according to a preset time interval; ensuring a second derivative of the flow rate of a preset time point; acquiring an average flow rate, air leakage, an inspiration tidal volume and inspiration time; judging whether the average flow rate is greater than the air leakage; if so, determining a gain value to be a product of a value of a quotient of the inspiration tidal volume divided by the inspiration time minus the air leakage and a first coefficient; if not, determining the gain value to be a product of a value of a quotient of the inspiration tidal volume divided by the inspiration time minus the air leakage and a second coefficient, wherein the first coefficient is greater than the second coefficient; determining a respiration vector which is a product of the gain value and the second derivative; and controlling a driving signal of a baseline configuration pressure generator on the basis of the respiration vector and a pressure generator. The method foresees a flow rate variation trend through the respiration vector, controls the flow rate of the current time point, and guarantees stable output pressure of the respirator.

The invention relates to a breathing machine self-adaptive ventilation pressure control method and a breathing machine. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a target respiratory flow signal of a current respiratory cycle in a current ventilation treatment stage; predicting and generating expected inspiration time and expected tidal volume of the next respiratory cycle based on the target respiratory flow signal; on the basis of the expected inspiration time, the expected pressure gradient during ventilation in the next respiratory cycle is configured, and on the basis of the expected tidal volume, expected pressure support during ventilation in the next respiratory cycle is configured; based on the expected pressure gradient and the expected pressure support, the ventilation pressure of the next respiratory cycle is configured, so that the pressure gradient during ventilation of the next respiratory cycle is matched with the expected pressure gradient, and the pressure support during ventilation of the next respiratory cycle is matched with the expected pressure support. Self-adaptive ventilation pressure control can be effectively achieved, and ventilation convenience, man-machine synchronism, compliance and treatment effectiveness of a user are improved.

Ventilation device (1) for ventilating a patient (47), with • a control unit (7), • an expiratory valve (3), • an inspiration valve (2), • an inspiratory pressure sensor (13), • an expiratory pressure sensor (13'), • a connection system (48) with an inspiratory supply line (91) for supplying respiratory gases to the patient (47) and with an expiratory supply line (92) for carrying respiratory gases away from the patient (47), • a connecting element (46) for connecting the patient (47) to the connection system (48), • a pressure measuring line (94) pneumatically coupled to the connecting element (48), • another pressure sensor (15) pneumatically coupled to the pressure measuring line (94), • wherein the inspiratory pressure sensor (13) is arranged in or on the inspiratory supply line (91) of the connection system (48), • wherein the inspiratory pressure sensor (13) is designed to detect an inspiratory pressure measurement value (13) and to provide the inspiratory pressure measurement value (13) to the control unit (7), • wherein the expiratory pressure sensor (13') is arranged in or on the expiratory supply line (92) of the connection system (48), • wherein the expiratory pressure sensor (13') is designed to detect an expiratory pressure measurement value (13') and to provide the expiratory pressure measurement value (13') to the control unit (7), • wherein the further pressure sensor (15) is designed to detect a pressure measurement value close to the patient and to provide the pressure measurement value close to the patient to the control unit (7), • wherein the control unit (7) is designed to control the inspiration valve (2) taking into account the inspiratory pressure measurement value (13) in order to provide an inspirational breathing gas mixture with an inspirational pressure level for the patient (47) via the inspirational supply line (91) of the connection system (48), • wherein the control unit (7) is designed to control the expiratory valve (3) taking into account the expiratory pressure measurement value (13') in order to set an expiratory pressure level via the expiratory supply line (92) of the connection system (48) for the patient (47), • wherein the control unit (7) is designed to carry out ventilation with a ventilation frequency of up to 150 respiratory cycles per minute (150 min -1 ) with a ratio of inspiration time T i to expiratory time T ein a range from 4 to 1 to 1 to 5 (I:E ratio from 4:1 to 1:5), • wherein the control unit (7) is designed to control at least the expiratory pressure level on the basis of the patient-near pressure measurement value by means of the inspiration valve (2) and the expiration valve (3) in such a way that the pressure level is assigned an HF oscillation with an HF ventilation frequency (17) as a variation in amplitude in a range of 3 Hertz to 20 Hertz (3 sec -1 up to 20 seconds -1 ) with and with a HF oscillation ratio (20) of HF-inspiration time HF-T i to HR-expiratory time HR-T e in a range of 1 to 1 to 1 to 3 (HF- I:E ratio of 1:1 to 1:3), wherein the control unit (7) is further designed to carry out a signal processing (1000) of the pressure measurement value close to the patient, wherein the control unit (7) when carrying out the signal processing (1000) • at least one property of the pressure measuring line (94) from a group of properties associated with pressure measuring lines and • at least one ventilation setting (21) or a change in the at least one ventilation setting (21) before and / or during operation of the ventilation device (1) from a group of ventilation parameters are taken into account, wherein the group of properties associated with pressure measuring lines comprises at least one of the following elements: o Length of the pressure measuring line (94), o Diameter of the pressure measuring line (94), o Material properties of the pressure measuring line (94), o Flow resistance of the pressure measuring line (94), o A line type, characterizing the length, the diameter, the material properties and / or a flow resistance of the pressure measuring line (94), wherein the group of ventilation settings (21) that can be set during operation of the ventilation device comprises at least one of the following elements: ◯ Ventilation rate (RR), ◯ Ratio of inspiration time to expiratory time (I:E ratio), ◯ Inspiration time (T i ), ◯ Expiratory time (T e ), ◯ inspiratory pressure level P insp , ◯ mean airway pressure P AW (19), ◯ HF pressure pressure level P HF (18), ◯ expiratory pressure level P exp , ◯ positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), ◯ HR ventilation rate (HR-RR) (17), ◯ set RF oscillation ratio (RF I:E ratio) (20), ◯ HR inspiratory time (HR-T i ), ◯ HR expiratory time (HR-T e ), ◯ inspiratory pressure plateau, ◯ inspiratory pressure gradient, ◯ Operating mode of a ventilation form, ◯ Patient type, characterized by age, sex, weight, gestational age, APGAR score, clinical picture of the patient (47).