105 results about "Respiratory Airflow" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instrument control, in particular to a lung biopsy sampling needle stabilizing method and system based on dynamic respiration compensation. The stabilizing method comprises the following steps: acquiring a respiratory movement signal of a patient in real time through a multi-source biosensor, wherein the multi-source biosensor comprises an optical fiber strain sensor array, a diaphragm myoelectricity sensor and a respiratory airflow sensor which are deployed at the chest and abdomen. According to the method, millimeter-microsecond-level accurate and stable control over the lung biopsy sampling process is achieved by establishing a cooperation mechanism of a breathing phase-displacement nonlinear mapping model and a macro-micro composite driving framework. The biological rationality of displacement prediction is improved through deep coupling of multi-mode breathing signals, and the chest wall non-uniform deformation gradient is analyzed in space based on cross topology deployment of an optical fiber strain sensor in an intercostal space area in combination with cross-scale feature fusion of myoelectricity and airflow sensing.

The invention discloses a portable respiratory function rehabilitation training device and a method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of medical rehabilitation. The device comprises a data acquisition module which integrates a plurality of micro sensors to acquire respiratory airflow, heart rate, oxyhemoglobin saturation and environmental parameters of a user in real time; the data preprocessing and fusion module is used for cleaning, standardizing and performing time synchronization on the collected original data and fusing the collected original data into a uniform data format; the intelligent analysis module is responsible for performing real-time analysis on the fused data, identifying a breathing mode, evaluating a current health state and predicting a rehabilitation trend; the training scheme generation module is used for dynamically generating and adjusting a personalized breathing training scheme; the real-time feedback and interaction module is used for providing real-time training guidance and progress feedback for the user; the effect evaluation and optimization module is used for evaluating the rehabilitation effect and continuously optimizing a training strategy by using a reinforcement learning algorithm; according to the portable hardware integration module, all modules are integrated into small-sized and low-power-consumption portable equipment.

The invention relates to the technical field of respirators, and discloses a respirator flow dynamic adjusting system based on airflow sensing, which is characterized in that after starting, a multi-mode sensing module acquires spatial flow velocity distribution and dynamic characteristics of respiratory airflow, and generates a composite data flow fused with flow field information; the composite data flow is subjected to nonlinear analysis to generate a state vector representing breathing stability, and the state vector is used for identifying fluid abnormal risks; the state vector generates an optimized execution instruction set by the self-adaptive control engine in combination with the energy state of thermoelectric conversion; the execution instruction set drives the piezoelectric valve and the shear response humidifying layer to cooperatively adjust the flow and the humidity, and outputs physiologically matched breathing gas; fusion collection of spatial flow velocity distribution and dynamic characteristics of respiratory airflow is achieved through the multi-mode sensing module, the limitation of traditional single-point measurement is broken through, and the sensing precision is remarkably improved; a breathing chaos index is constructed through nonlinear kinetic analysis, and early warning of the breathing rhythm stability and the fluid abnormal risk is achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical equipment, and particularly relates to a portable tuberculosis drug aerosol inhalation device. The device comprises a medicine storage chamber, an outflow channel and a controller, the top of the medicine storage chamber is provided with a medicine tank groove with a conical pricking pipe, and one-step medicine filling through placing and pressing can be achieved; the respiratory rhythm of a user is identified through lip contact and a respiratory airflow sensor, and the atomizer is synchronously controlled to start and stop; the system has the functions of liquid medicine identity recognition, heating temperature control and self-adaptive power adjustment based on liquid medicine storage, efficient, safe and comfortable tuberculosis medicine inhalation treatment is achieved, and the medication compliance and the treatment effect are remarkably improved.

The invention provides a thoracic surgery respiratory training system and method, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a respiratory-physiological feature tensor through the time sequence change of a respiratory airflow parameter during respiratory training in combination with the fluctuation feature of blood oxygen saturation in the respiratory training process, and carrying out the space-time convolution fusion of the respiratory-physiological feature tensor and a chest respiratory movement track, obtaining a respiratory efficiency index; constructing a taboo risk vector based on the risk relationship map of the thoracic surgery postoperative complications and the electronic medical record of the target user, and generating a complication risk entropy of the target user under the current respiratory training according to the taboo risk vector in combination with the pain tolerance physiological data; and according to the respiratory efficiency index and the complication risk entropy, determining a dynamic adaptation margin of the target user to current respiratory training, and based on the dynamic adaptation margin, dynamically adjusting the training resistance of the self-adaptive resistance adjustment respiratory training device. By the adoption of the scheme, a multi-dimensional respiratory training feedback mechanism can be constructed to conduct self-adaptive adjustment on the training resistance.

The invention provides a breathing mask which is matched with the mouth or / and nose of a user to provide breathing airflow for a breathing device, the breathing mask comprises a main body, an expiration one-way valve, an inspiration one-way valve and a sealing piece, and the main body is provided with a first opening and a second opening; the expiration one-way valve is arranged in the first opening and comprises a first valve clack and a first stop block, the first valve clack is close to the exterior of the main body, the first stop block is close to the interior of the main body, and the expiration one-way valve is used for allowing expired air to flow out of the main body in one direction through the first opening; the air suction one-way valve is arranged in the second opening and comprises a second valve clack and a second check block, the second valve clack is close to the interior of the body, the second check block is close to the exterior of the body, and the air suction one-way valve is used for allowing external air to unidirectionally flow into the body through the second opening; the sealing member selectively seals the first opening or the second opening. By means of the breathing mask, expiration training and inspiration training can be achieved, and ventilation can be achieved easily.

The invention discloses an obstructive sleep apnea event typing method and device based on respiratory center driving characteristics, electronic equipment and a computer readable storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of medical detection technologies and sleep medicine. According to the method, body surface diaphragm electromyographic signals and respiratory airflow signals of a subject are synchronously collected in a non-invasive mode, the body surface diaphragm electromyographic signals are preprocessed to obtain diaphragm electromyographic characteristic values, and the respiratory airflow signals are segmented and subjected to integral processing according to the respiratory cycle to obtain airflow characteristic values; selecting a characteristic value corresponding to at least one respiratory cycle before the event occurs as a reference baseline, calculating a diaphragm myoelectricity change value and an airflow change value of each respiratory cycle in the event relative to the reference baseline, and calculating the diaphragm myoelectricity change value based on a coupling relationship between the airflow change value and the diaphragm myoelectricity change value, and performing central drive dependent or non-central drive dependent judgment on the obstructive sleep apnea event. The method can provide technical support for typing analysis of the obstructive sleep apnea event.

The invention discloses a multi-mode lip language recognition method and device fusing respiratory airflow data. The method comprises the steps that a pronunciation action video signal and a respiratory airflow signal are acquired; performing first preprocessing on the pronunciation action video signal to obtain a pronunciation action video; performing second preprocessing on the respiratory airflow signal to obtain respiratory airflow data; performing visual feature extraction processing on the pronunciation action video to obtain lip movement features; performing component analysis processing on the respiratory airflow data to obtain a frequency component and an intensity component; according to the frequency component and the intensity component, airflow feature extraction processing is conducted on the respiratory airflow data, and airflow features are obtained; performing multi-modal fusion processing on the lip movement features and the airflow features to obtain fusion features; and inputting the fusion features into a lip language recognition model to obtain a lip language recognition result. According to the invention, multi-modal lip language recognition is realized, and the accuracy and applicability are improved. The method can be widely applied to the technical field of artificial intelligence visual speech recognition.

The application provides a sleep mask for simulating a plateau environment, comprising a mask body, a mounting seat arranged on the mask body, a total air passage arranged on the mounting seat and being in communication with the outside world, and a flow resistance adjusting mechanism for adjusting the flow resistance of breathing air in the total air passage, wherein the flow resistance adjusting mechanism comprises a ventilation port arranged on an end wall of the total air passage and a flow resistance adjusting piece for adjusting the size of the ventilation port. The sleep mask for simulating a plateau environment can be used for simulating the sleep of a person in a plateau area at different altitudes. The sleep mask for simulating a plateau environment can adjust the opening of the ventilation port by the flow resistance adjusting piece during sleep, adjust the air amount entering the total air passage per unit time, and further adjust the total oxygen content inhaled by the person in each breathing cycle, so as to achieve the technical purpose of simulating the sleep in a plateau area at different altitudes in a normal altitude area.

The subject article is an injector module comprising a first inlet, a second inlet and an outlet. The subject article is operable to receive a flow of a breathing gas at the first inlet and a flow of therapeutic gas at the second inlet, form a mixture of the breathing gas and therapeutic gas, and deliver the mixture of breathing gas and therapeutic gas via the outlet to an inspiratory line.

The utility model discloses a sleep mouth and nose breathing monitoring device. Relates to the technical field of medical instruments, and comprises a fixing substrate, a mouth-nose airflow monitoring assembly used for monitoring mouth-nose respiration when a patient sleeps is mounted on the fixing substrate, and elastic bandages used for fixing through the head or neck of the patient are mounted at the two ends of the fixing substrate; a signal transmission interface used for being connected with external respiration monitoring equipment is formed in the bottom of the fixed base plate; the flexible sensor in the nasal cavity monitoring port or the oral cavity monitoring port is used for monitoring airflow generated during breathing of the nasal cavity or the oral cavity of a patient, and breathing airflow data of the patient is transmitted to external breathing monitoring equipment for monitoring through the wire. The mouth-nose airflow monitoring assembly can be installed on the fixed substrate in a plug and jack matching connection mode. The utility model has the advantages of high monitoring sensitivity, high monitoring accuracy, good stability, good comfort and strong flexibility.

A mask assembly for use as part of an apparatus for supplying a flow of respiratory gases to a user is disclosed. The mask assembly includes a mask body having an inlet through which said flow of respiratory gases are provided to the interior of said mask body. A mask seal assembly comprising a seal of flexible material and a clip of rigid material is attached to the body. The seal has a first side and a second side. The first side of the seal is shaped to approximately match the contours of a user's face and in use substantially seal against a user's face. The second side is attached to the clip. The clip provides an interface extending substantially the full perimeter or periphery of the mask seal assembly for releasably attaching the mask seal assembly to the mask body. The clip comprises a bridging portion spanning outwards from the perimeter or periphery of the mask body to space at least a portion of the second side of the seal outwards from the perimeter or periphery of the mask body.

The invention discloses atomization inhalation equipment in anesthesia, and relates to the technical field of atomization inhalation equipment, the atomization inhalation equipment comprises an atomization machine, the atomization machine is connected with an inhalation tube, a control cavity is arranged between the atomization machine and the inhalation tube, a wind wheel is rotatably connected in the control cavity, a linear switch is arranged on the bottom surface of the wind wheel, and the linear switch is connected with the atomization machine. The linear switch is electrically connected with the atomizer, the other end of the linear switch is slidably connected with a movable pull rod, the bottom face of the wind wheel is connected with a sliding sleeve, a sliding block is slidably connected into the sliding sleeve, the sliding block is fixedly connected with the movable pull rod, and a spring is arranged between the sliding block and the sliding sleeve. According to the device, a set of real-time self-adaptive adjusting mechanism is constructed by means of sensitive induction of a wind wheel on breathing airflow of a patient, when the breathing frequency of the patient is increased, the medicine atomization amount and the airflow speed are increased, and it is ensured that sufficient medicine is inhaled in unit time; when the breathing frequency is slowed down, the medicine output quantity and the airflow speed are reduced, effective medicine deposition is guaranteed, the medicine inhalation efficiency is improved, and the medicine effect is powerfully guaranteed.

The present invention relates to a detection device (100) for detecting an air flow, respiratory air flow, and / or respiratory gas flow from a face mask (110). The detection device (100) comprises a base body (120), at least one sensor device (130), and a coupling interface (140). The at least one sensor device (130) is designed to detect the air flow, respiratory air flow, and / or respiratory gas flow from the face mask (110), and the coupling interface (140) is designed to releasably couple the base body (120) to the face mask (110). The invention further relates to a mask system (190) comprising a face mask (110) and a detection device (100), as well as to the use of the detection device (100) with a face mask (110).

The invention discloses a LiCl-based flexible humidity sensor and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of flexible sensors, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing anhydrous lithium chloride and a polyimide solution according to a certain proportion, and stirring at normal temperature to form a mixed solution; uniformly coating a polyimide flexible substrate with the mixed solution, and drying the polyimide flexible substrate in a drying oven; and performing laser engraving on the surface of the dried film to form a laser-induced graphene interdigital electrode, thereby completing the manufacturing of the flexible humidity sensor. The flexible humidity sensing system adopts a novel nano composite material and a porous microstructure design, and can be tightly attached to the surfaces of objects in different shapes. The system is based on a capacitance change principle, can sensitively detect environment humidity change, and has good repeatability and stability. By optimizing the substrate material ratio and the electrode structure, accurate capture of weak signals such as respiratory airflow and skin surface humidity is realized.

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical auxiliary devices, in particular to a respiratory muscle training device. The air delivery pipe is horizontally arranged in front of the mouth of a patient, the training assembly is vertically and fixedly arranged at the rear end of the air delivery pipe, and the adjusting assembly is arranged at the front end of the air delivery pipe and used for adjusting breathing airflow intensity. The device aims to control the intensity of airflow breathed by a patient.

Devices and methods for providing respiratory therapy are disclosed. One device includes a first lumen, a second lumen, and a bridge with at least one opening. The first lumen has a first inlet end to receive a first flow of breathing gas, a first outlet end to deliver the first flow, and a first bend between the first inlet end and the first outlet end. The second lumen has a second inlet end to receive a second flow of breathing gas, a second outlet end to deliver the second flow, and a second bend between the second inlet end and the second outlet end. The bridge separates the first lumen and the second lumen, attaches to the first lumen at the first bend and the second lumen at the second bend, and is configured to maintain the first flow of breathing gas separate from the second flow of breathing gas.

The present invention provides an anti-snoring device based on an expansion type silencer, and proposes the technical solution from the respective of eliminating the “effect” in the causality of snoring. The anti-snoring device comprises an expansion chamber, a tube, and an active noise elimination module. The expansion chamber is connected to the active noise elimination module. The active noise elimination module further comprises a secondary sound source, a microphone, and a control module. The expansion chamber further comprises an opening for sealing and shielding the mouth and nose organ and forming an acoustic system of the expansion type silencer together with the sealed and shielded face skin. The tube is a respiratory airflow channel, and is an acoustic device having acoustic impedance different from that of the expansion chamber. In this way, the anti-snoring device provided in the utility model has the beneficial effects of being wide in applicability, large in noise elimination amount, wide in noise elimination bandwidth, small in size, light in weight, and low in electric energy consumption.

A patient interface for supplying a flow of breathable gas to the airways of a patient may comprise a heat and moisture exchanger (HME). The HME may be positioned in a flow path of the flow of breathable gas. The HME may absorb heat and moisture from gas exhaled by the patient and the incoming flow of breathable gas to be supplied to the patient's airways may be heated and moisturized by the heat and moisture held in the HME.

A method (84) for stroke onset alert for a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) system (12) comprises providing (86), via a blower (14) and a patient circuit (16), a pressurized flow of breathable gas to a patient interface device (18) configured for being worn by a subject (20). The method includes monitoring and recording (88), via a monitoring unit (28) integral with the patient interface device, a predetermined set of vital signs and physical symptoms of the subject relating to an onset of acute stroke attack or stroke episode during the delivery of the pressurized flow of breathable gas. In addition, the method comprises identifying (90), via a stroke onset detection module (34), an onset of stroke based on an analysis of the monitored and recorded set of vital signs and physical symptoms and outputting (92), via a stroke onset alert module (36), a stroke onset alert signal based on the identification of the onset of stroke via the stroke onset detection module.

The application discloses a combustion mode-based metabolite testing device and method. The metabolite testing device comprises a combustion control module, a respiratory gas flow control module, an exhaled gas heating and humidifying control module, a respiratory gas separation module, a control unit and a computer. The combustion control module is used for simulating human exhaled gas; the respiratory gas flow control module is used for simulating human respiratory flow; the exhaled gas heating and humidifying control module is used for simulating the temperature and humidity state of human exhaled gas; and the respiratory gas separation module is used for simulating the human mouth and nose breathing process. The control unit is responsible for the control of motors and valves, and the computer is responsible for data acquisition, calculation analysis and result display. The testing method is to set human metabolic parameters, connect a human metabolic tester and test, and finally perform quality inspection analysis on the metabolic parameters of the human metabolic tester according to the test result. The application can be applied to the application scene of human metabolic tester accuracy evaluation, and realizes easy, economical and effective verification of the human metabolic tester.

The invention relates to the field of respiration detection, in particular to a respiration detection substrate structure, a respiration detection structure and a respiration detection system. The respiration detection base plate structure comprises a base plate body and two sets of folding arm units arranged on the base plate body, the two sets of folding arm units are arranged side by side, the first folding arm and the second folding arm can be bent towards the first surface of the base plate body, the first bending part comprises a first respiration sensor, and the second bending part comprises a second respiration sensor. And the third bending part comprises a second respiration sensor. The breathing detection structure is obtained through the layout of the first breathing sensor and the second breathing sensor, the obtained breathing detection structure senses the airflow exhaled by the nostrils, the pressure change of the breathing airflow is detected to achieve detection of the breathing frequency and depth, and the breathing device has the advantages of being simple in structure and small in size; the method can be widely applied to the fields of medical diagnosis, breathing machine monitoring, exercise health detection and the like.

The invention discloses a respiratory support system and method with in-vitro negative pressure cooperating with electrical stimulation. The method comprises the steps that a signal detection module collects body surface respiratory muscle electromyography, thoracic posture, thoracico-abdominal deformation and respiratory airflow signals of a patient in real time; the negative pressure ventilation module generates negative pressure outside the thorax of the patient through a thoracic nail, a vacuum pump, a pressure reducing valve and a two-position three-way valve to reduce the pressure of a pleural cavity and pulmonary alveoli; the constant-current electrical stimulation module applies constant-current electrical stimulation to the diaphragm to enhance the contractility of the diaphragm; the control module receives the respiratory physiological signal, judges the respiratory intention of a patient through a built-in respiratory intention recognition algorithm, and controls the negative pressure ventilation and electrical stimulation module to realize triggering of an inspiration phase and an expiration phase and man-machine synchronization; through the synergistic effect of negative pressure ventilation and electrical stimulation, the respiratory support effect and man-machine synchronism are improved, and the device is suitable for adjuvant therapy of respiratory dysfunction patients.

The invention relates to the technical field of medical data analysis, in particular to an intelligent screening method for respiratory disorders. According to the method, the key feature point sequence is constructed by accurately recognizing the speed peak value and the change inflection point in the continuous respiratory airflow data, fine description of the dynamic structure of the respiratory rhythm can be achieved, and then the dynamic structure of the respiratory rhythm can be obtained according to the change trend of the time interval between the key points. Long-time respiration monitoring data are automatically segmented into a plurality of sections capable of reflecting different expressions such as rhythm stability, acceleration or deceleration, so that a context with physiological significance is provided for subsequent analysis, and the irregularity of the respiration rhythm in each section is quantized by utilizing an information entropy theory; according to the method, an objective index for measuring the rhythm stability can be obtained, and pseudo events caused by swallowing, body movement and the like can be effectively filtered out by judging whether the change of the rhythm entropy value before and after a suspected pause event is obvious or not and combining with confirmation of the airflow amplitude contraction trend before and after pause.

An apparatus for generating and providing a pressurized breathable gas to a patient's airways includes a respiratory pressure therapy (RPT) device having an engagement port pneumatically and electrically coupled to the RPT device, and an air delivery tube configured to engage the engagement port so as to pass a flow of breathable gas to a patient interface. The air delivery tube includes electric contacts associated with a heating and / or a sensing arrangement. The air delivery tube includes a locking collar rotatably movable between (1) an unlocked position to allow connection / disconnection of the air delivery tube to / from the engagement port, and (2) a locked position to releasably lock the air delivery tube to the engagement port. The air delivery tube is structured and arranged to, when the locking collar is rotated into the locked position, pneumatically connect to the engagement port and define an operational configuration of the apparatus.

The invention discloses an airway sealing connector for a prone position of a mechanical ventilation patient and an application method of the airway sealing connector. The airway sealing connector comprises a connector body, wherein a patient end connector and an equipment end connector are arranged at the two ends of the connector body respectively; a central airflow channel communicated with the patient end connector and the equipment end connector is formed in the connector body in a penetrating mode, and an intelligent sealing mechanism is arranged in the central airflow channel and used for monitoring breathing airflow and automatically or manually controlling on-off of the central airflow channel at the same time. The connector body is provided with a manual control button for manually controlling the opening and closing of the intelligent sealing mechanism, a power supply unit for supplying power to electrical elements in the connector, and a mode selection switch which is electrically connected with the intelligent sealing mechanism and is used for switching a closing signal of the intelligent sealing mechanism into an expiration / inspiration end-closing mode in an automatic control mode. According to the invention, the preset PEEP level in the airway of the patient can be actively maintained under the condition that the breathing machine is transferred or replaced during the body position conversion period of the patient between the supine position and the prone position, so that the risk of breathing machine-related pneumonia is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent medical bionics, and discloses an intelligent sputum excretion method and system and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: receiving three types of real-time monitoring signals, namely respiratory airflow waveform, thoracic cavity vibration frequency and laryngeal sound spectrum, and carrying out space-time alignment and coupling processing on the signals to generate a multi-dimensional physiological state image. Analyzing the image to extract three types of physiological modes corresponding to sputum accumulation, namely limited airflow, vibration attenuation and turbid sound, and inputting the physiological modes into a bionic decision core; the core simulates a human body autonomous sputum excretion nerve reflex mechanism, the mechanism is compared with a standard sputum excretion reflex mode library, a sputum excretion trigger instruction containing intensity grade and duration parameters is generated, and sputum excretion intervention is executed. The system can dynamically update the physiological state image, adjust the instruction based on the response change atlas, and realize the early accurate recognition and intelligent bionic decision of the expectoration demand.

The invention provides a bite block capable of monitoring the breathing state in real time, relates to the technical field of medical monitoring equipment, and solves the problem that an existing bite block cannot accurately monitor abnormal breathing in real time and cannot give an early warning in time. According to the bite block, a bite block body extending forwards from the lower end face of an occlusal surface is integrated with a dual-mode combined sensor, namely a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, pressure and temperature changes of respiratory airflow are detected, signals are converted into electric signals through a signal conversion module, data fusion and analysis are carried out through a signal processing module, and respiratory mode waveforms are generated; the feedback system judges the breathing state according to the waveform characteristics and triggers the alarm device when no breathing exists or breathing is abnormal. By means of the multi-mode sensing and intelligent analysis technology, dynamic capture of respiration parameters and instant response of abnormal events are achieved, the system is suitable for the scenes of digestive endoscopy, sleep apnea syndrome monitoring, postoperative respiration monitoring and the like, and the real-time performance and reliability of medical monitoring are improved.

The present application relates to the field of medical detection, especially to a kind of medical examination auxiliary device.The medical examination auxiliary device of the present application is connected with two connecting heads respectively fixed with two inner clamping blocks on head pad through fixing belt and elastic belt, hollow passage is arranged in right fixed seat and left fixed seat between the two connecting heads, to avoid interfering with the flow of respiratory airflow, the slight outward expansion extrusion force of inner clamping block is applied to the inner side of children's ala nasi by elastic belt, the airflow detection sensor on the inner clamping block can be easily fixed in the nostril of children, at the same time, the nostril of children is kept in the state of expansion, to ensure that the respiratory airflow in the nasal passage of children flows normally.Improve the technical problem that the existing medical detection device for sleep breathing disorder of children exists when detecting the sleep breathing of children in nasal region, the accuracy of detection is affected due to the interference of children's respiratory patency.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical rehabilitation instruments, and particularly relates to an intelligent control method and system based on a full-chest vibration sputum excretion machine, and the control method comprises the steps: obtaining a respiratory airflow signal and chest wall impedance of a patient; the current breathing phase of the patient is judged according to the continuous breathing airflow signals, and a vibration head of a corresponding lung lobe area is controlled to be activated to vibrate within a set frequency range; calculating a sputum fluidity index according to the chest wall impedance of different chest wall areas, wherein the sputum fluidity index is in positive correlation with the variable quantity and the vibration frequency of the chest wall impedance; the vibration parameters of the vibration head at the corresponding position are adjusted according to the size of the sputum fluidity index. According to the scheme, the targeting, efficiency and safety of sputum excretion are remarkably improved, and personalized and refined intelligent sputum excretion treatment is achieved.