The invention belongs to the technical field of cooling, and particularly relates to a cooling control method, device and system based on the vehicle running road condition. The cooling control methodcomprises the following steps: acquiring the current vehicle speed of a whole vehicle, the current water temperature of an engine, the current air inlet temperature of the engine, the current load rate of the engine, the current rotating speed of a fan, the current environment temperature and the current road condition information; pre-judging that the whole vehicle is in a climbing working condition according to the current road condition information, and calculating the water temperature after climbing of the engine or the air inlet temperature after climbing of the engine according to thecurrent vehicle speed of the whole vehicle, the current water temperature of the engine, the current air inlet temperature of the engine, the current load rate of the engine, the current rotating speed of the fan, the current environment temperature and the cooling capacity MAP; judging whether the water temperature after climbing of the engine exceeds a preset water temperature value or not, andjudging whether the air inlet temperature after climbing of the engine exceeds a preset air inlet temperature value or not; and if not, controlling the fan to maintain the current state or rotate along with the engine.