The present invention deals with a
novel virus-like particle (VLP) platform for developing enhanced vaccines. This novel VLP-platform consists of two unique attributes: i)
intein-mediated
protein bioconjugation, a method that allows for precise and efficient attachment of target antigens to the VLP surface without leaving undesirable residual tags or
scars; and ii) encapsulation of different
small molecule immunomodulators (including cytokines, adjuvants, and
small molecule metabolites) for specific priming of tailored immune response through influencing the outcome of interactions between the
antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and the T-cells towards eliciting a specific type of immune response (Th1: humoral, Th1:
cell mediated, Tfh, Th2, Th17, or Treg). This
intein-mediated
bioconjugation based VLP platform facilitates a "plug-and-display" approach, significantly reducing the time and resources required for development of vaccines suitable for a wide range of applications, including vaccines against infectious diseases,
cancer immunotherapies, and treatments for autoimmune disorders. Additionally, encapsulation of immunomodulatory factors within the VLP core, enables delivery to APCs thereby generating robust and specific type of immune response for enhanced
vaccine efficacy. This invention provides a versatile, scalable, and cost-
effective solution for rapid development of vaccines that induce comprehensive and tailored immune responses, including both humoral and
cellular immunity with long-
term memory.