The invention discloses a locating expansion device of a shoulder arthroscopy work passage. The device comprises a square tube, a lower plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the square tube, and four striped sliding grooves are formed in the top surface of the lower plate; the striped sliding grooves are successively connected to form a structureshaped like the Chinese character 'jing', striped through grooves are respectively formed in the bottom sides of the striped sliding grooves, and racks are respectively and movably installed in the striped sliding grooves and can respectively slide along corresponding striped through grooves; sliding blocks are respectively and movably installed in the striped through grooves and can respectively slide along corresponding striped through grooves, the top sides of the sliding blocks are respectively and fixedly connected to the ends of the bottom sides of the racks, and a cylinder is arranged right below a lower plate; the lower end of the cylinder body is in an inverted cone shape, the cylinder is composed of a front side pulling rod, a left side pulling rod, a back side pulling rod and a right side pulling rod, andthe shapes of the front side pulling rod, the left side pulling rod, the back side pulling rod and the right side pulling rod are same. The device is simple in structure, integrates an epiduralpuncture needle with straight pincers, after the epidural puncturing is completed, the expansion can be directly conducted on the passage, and the using and operation are convenient.