The invention discloses a supercharger impeller blade machining method based on on-machine measuring. The supercharger impeller blade machining method includes: step a, calibrating a triggering-type measuring head; step b, according to a blade three-dimensional theoretic model, setting m measuring workstation coordinate systems, and planning a measuring path; step c, generating a measuring program according to the measuring path, and installing the measuring program in a numerical control system; step d, subjecting blades to rough machining, and mounting the triggering-type measuring head on a spindle of a numerical control machine tool; step e, running the measuring program, driving the triggering-type measuring head to move, and storing measuring point coordinate values; step f, transmitting the measuring point coordinate values of the blades to a computer, performing multi-workstation data aligning on the measuring point coordinate values by the computer, performing comparative calculation with the blade three-dimensional theoretic model to acquire blade machining deformation quantity and deformation rule; step g, calculating blade finish machining reverse compensation allowance, and performing blade finish machining according to the reverse compensation allowance. By the supercharger impeller blade machining method, thermal treatment process is omitted, and the problems of demounting, repairing and repositioning for off-line measuring are solved.