33results about How to "Avoid inbreeding depression" patented technology

The invention relates to a breed conservation, screening and breed production method in tilapia complete set lines, comprising the following steps of: construction of complete set line base populations rich in hereditary variation, establishment of operation procedures of family production and management in the complete set lines, marking of individuals in the complete set lines, genetic evaluation analysis of important production traits and establishment of individual mating selection programs in the complete set lines. The invention also provides a hybrid breed production method between twolines of complete sets, which is established by utilizing the method. The method disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of high pertinence, high selection breeding efficiency, capability of effectively preventing parent inbreeding depression of the complete set lines and the like; the harvest weight of the hybrid fine breed of tilapia is averagely increased by more than 30% than that of control groups; and the culture survival rate is also obviously higher than that of the control groups. According to the invention, a new technical approach is developed for cultivation of fish fine breeds; particularly a new selection breeding method is applied in the breed conservation, the screening and the breed production of the complete set lines in fish hybrid breeding; and the method isalso suitable for being popularized and applied in all cultured fishes and has broad popularization and application prospects.

The invention discloses multi-character selection breeding method of fish and shrimps. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly obtaining individual selection indexes and family selection indexes according to measured values of breeding target characters, then reserving stocks and hybridizing according to the selection indexes, building family mating groups and finally obtaining bred populations of the next generation. Moreover, when the individual selection indexes are obtained, the stock reservation rate and the heritability of breeding target characters are firstly calculated according to the measured values of the breeding target characters, expected selection intensity is calculated according to the stock reservation rate, then an expected selection response and a corresponding weighted value of each breeding target character are obtained according to the expected selection intensity, the heritability and the standard difference of a standardized breeding value, and finally the individual selection indexes are obtained by using the weighted value. Therefore, the subjectivity and the randomness during calculation of the weighted value are eliminated, the reliability and the accuracy of the breeding method are high, and the comprehensive genetic progress of multi-character selection is improved.

The invention relates to a method for breeding carp quickly and efficiently. The method is characterized by comprising the following culture steps of: establishing 80 first breeding families by taking carp and Yellow River carp as basic breeding colonies, hatching fish fry in net cages and performing early culture; injecting radio frequency marks into abdominal cavities of 50 fish fry selected from each family by using a syringe and individually marking; evaluating the breeding value of each fish fry by using ASReml software and according to a BLUP method; performing matched breeding on male fish with the evaluated breeding values in the first ninety places and female fish with the evaluated breeding values in the first ninety places, and establishing second breeding families; performing matched breeding on 20 male fish with the evaluated breeding values closest to 0 and 20 female fish with the evaluated breeding values closest to 0, and establishing second control families; and after the female fish are matched with the male fish, transferring fish nests with oosperms into hatching net cages to hatch to obtain the second generation of fish fry. By the method, the carp can be bred quickly and efficiently; inbreeding depression is avoided; and breeding can be performed for a long time.

The invention discloses an aquatic animal selective breeding method adopting a group as a unit, and the method comprises the following steps of establishing a basic group adopting the group as a unit to form a current generation group; acquiring a group selective index; sorting a seed group and a seed individual; selecting pairing groups, establishing a mating group, and generating a next generation group; setting a virtual male parent and a virtual female parent for each next generation group; and repeating the steps to acquire the needed next generation group. By utilizing the selective breeding method, the technical difficulty that the breeding target trait test, genealogy establishment and orientation mating of aquatic animals of the individuals or family marks cannot be implemented can be effectively solved, the genetic evaluation of multiple breeding target traits and multiple generations can be realized, and the selection progress and the selection accuracy of the breeding target traits can be improved.

The invention relates to a rapid and efficient method for breeding tilapias, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: utilizing GIFT strain Nile tilapias of 60 families introduced from the Malaysia Worldfish Center as a basic breeding colony; separating tilapia fries of different families into different net cages for breeding; respectively selecting 30 fries from each family, and injecting a radio frequency identification to a fry abdominal cavity with an injector to identify individuals; breeding the fries before a propagation season of the next year, and measuring body weight, body length, body height and body thickness data of all identified tilapias; estimating a breeding value of each fringetail according to a BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) method by utilizing ASREML software; selecting male tilapias with the estimated breeding values of the top 60 and female tilapias with the estimated breeding values of the top 120, and carrying out nest mating propagation in the ratio of 1:2 of the male tilapia to the female tilapia to establish a family of the second generation; taking out oosperms from the oral cavity of the female tilapia which spawns, and transferring the oosperms into a hatcher to carry out hatching of running water. The rapid and efficient method for breeding the tilapias can avoid the problem of inbreeding depression caused by inbreeding, thereby being capable of carrying out breeding for a long period of time.

The invention discloses a colony-family-molecule comprehensive genetic breeding method for takifugu obscures. The colony-family-molecule comprehensive genetic breeding method for takifugu obscures comprises the following steps: firstly, continuously selecting and breeding for four generations, after selecting and breeding the colony, taking two colonies with obvious segregation of character as the basis selecting and breeding colonies for the next generation for family selecting and breeding, adopting a molecular marker technology for establishing the assistant family, breeding solely after the generation of each family parent, establishing the basis colony taking the family as the unit and forming a larger production unit, selecting and breeding for each independent production unit, selecting for six time during three breeding stages, in the marketable fish breeding stage and before the maturing stage, and repeatedly performing the steps for selecting and breeding the nest generation. The colony-family-molecule comprehensive genetic breeding method for takifugu obscures has the advantages that the advantage parent can be effectively selected, the molecular marker technology is adopted for executing the genetic analysis, the genetic conditions of the parent before the breeding stage can be understood for guiding the parent pairing and combining the scientific research with the production, the advantage individual in the family can be effectively selected, and the optimization breeding and the resource utilization can be achieved.

The invention provides a multi-family hybridization seed production method of prawn, belonging to the field of genetic breeding of aquatic products. The method specifically comprises the following steps of: through setting and calculating a selection index, selecting high-quality families and individuals to construct a propagation starting group; setting an upper limit of relationship coefficient, designing a plurality of mating groups by taking the families as units, establishing a single-level propagation unit and constructing a single-level propagation group; designing the mating groups according to the production capacity and market demand of offspring seeds by virtue of a previous-level propagation unit under the condition of a limited relationship coefficient, establishing a new level of propagation unit and constructing a multi-level propagation group; carrying out grouped or hybrid seed production by using the propagation unit in the single-level propagation unit or the multi-level propagation group so as to produce and supply commercial offspring seeds for prawn farmers. Based on the characteristic that female prawn has a high egg laying amount, a single-level or multi-level propagation method is designed, selection with a certain intensity is performed on each level of propagation group so as to quickly transfer and magnify the obtained genetic increment, the propagation mode is flexible in design and can meet different demands on offspring seeds.

The invention discloses a stocking and mating method for a fish and shrimp group, comprising the following steps of: acquiring a selection index; sequentially selecting a certain amount of families from high family selection index to low family selection index as stocking families under a limited consanguinity coefficient; selecting male parent / female parent families and paired female parent / male parent families from the stocking family according to the sequence from the high family selection index to the low family selection index; and mating each male parent with corresponding female parent according to the sequence from high individual selection index to low individual selection index, creating male parent / female parent family mating groups, and form the next generation breeding group by all the mating groups. According to the stocking and mating method disclosed by the invention, a stocking and mating process of a breeding group is controlled according to the selection index and the consanguinity coefficient, and genetic progress of target character is effectively improved.

The invention discloses a rotational mating breeding method for pinctada fucata groups. The method comprises the following steps of: collecting at least three pinctada fucata groups from different sources, and constructing an F1 generation diallel crossing group; before a breeding season, randomly sampling over 1,000 individuals from every each group for performing character measurement, computing a breeding character average value or a multi-character comprehensive selection index, sequencing according to sizes, and at least selecting five groups serving as cone breeding groups by adopting a last-one-out system; selecting largest female and male individuals from every each selected group, mating male individuals of a No.1 group with female individuals of a No.2 group, mating male individuals of a No.2 group with female individuals of a No.3 group, and so on, and rotationally mating, wherein the ratio of female individuals to male individuals is 2:1, and at least four male individuals are selected; and breeding generation after generation to over five generations. Due to the adoption of the method, high selection strength is realized, genetic gain is increased, and the genetic improvement of every each generation of the bred pinctada fucata can be over 15 percent.

The invention discloses a quantitative character gene pyramiding breeding method for pinctada fucata. The method comprises the following steps of: collecting at least three pinctada fucata groups from different sources, constructing F1 generation diallel crossing families, evaluating every each family after cultivating for one year, computing an average breeding value, and selecting families of which the breeding values are ranked at first 50 percent for serving as candidate families for constructing a core breeding family, wherein every each combination comprises at least ten families; screening female and male individuals from the candidate families, selecting female and male individuals which are ranked at first 100 places in sizes for measuring, computing individual breeding values, and sequencing; selecting female and male individuals with highest individual breeding values from families with highest female and male breeding values for mating respectively, selecting female and male individuals of which the individual breeding values are ranked at first places from families of which the female and male breeding values are ranked at second places for mating, and so on, and constructing an F2 generation core breeding family; and constructing multiple generations of families including F3, F4, F5 and the like according to the method for breeding generation after generation to over five generations. Through breeding according to the method, the genetic improvement of every each generation can be over 10 percent, the inbreeding coefficient can be controlled at a set level, and inbreeding depression is avoided.

The invention discloses a specific molecular marker primer for genders of trachinotus ovatus. The specific molecular marker primer is a primer P1 including a forward primer P1-F and a backward primerP1-R, and base sequences of the forward primer P1-F and a backward primer P1-R are respectively represented by SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2. The invention further discloses a kit for identifying the genders of the trachinotus ovatus and application of the primer or the kit in identification of the genders of the trachinotus ovatus. The specific molecular marker primer is good in specificity and high in sensitivity and accuracy, is harmless to living trachinotus ovatus, can be used for rapidly and accurately identifying the genders of the trachinotus ovatus in batch at a time and has important scientific research values and practical application values.

The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic organism selective breeding marking, and relates to a marking contrast method of an offshore intermediate breeding and development stage during a shellfish pedigree breeding process. The invention specifically relates to a shellfish pedigree breeding marking contrast method. According to the method, an environment-friendly plastic pad is adopted as a material for a geometric-shaped marker; different geometric holes are formed in the marker by cutting; and marking can be realized with the holes and the color of the marker. According to the method, the cost is low, and the marking is simple and clear. The marker can be accurately identified under a situation of foreign body adhesion. The recognition degree is high, and the marker meets production needs. The marker is convenient to manufacture, and is easy to carry. The marker can be widely and repeatedly applied. The marker has long preservation time and high preservation rate. Marking is carried out by tying the marker on a cultivation cage with a plastic tie, such that physiological damage to the shellfish is prevented, and the marker is stable and is prevented from falling and loss. Therefore, the stability of the marker is high. A marking rate and readable rate of the marker are both 100%, such that shellfish pedigree breeding large-scale industrialization development requirements are met. The method has an important significance in shellfish industry breeding.

The invention discloses a method for raising a novel strain of meat sheep. The method includes carrying out crossing on Hu sheep and Australian white sheep to obtain a first crossed generation of flock of sheep; carrying out crossing on high-quality ewes of the first crossed generation of flock of Australian-Hu sheep and Charolais sheep to obtain a second crossed generation of flock of sheep; carrying out athwart crossing and fixation on the second crossed generation of flock of sheep; appropriately introducing 'new blood' into the second crossed generation of flock of sheep to prevent inbreeding depression; ultimately raising the novel strain of meat sheep by means of strict feeding and management and ideal typical individual selection. The Hu sheep is used as a female parent, and the Australian white sheep is used as a male parent. The high-quality ewes of the first crossed generation of flock of Australian-Hu sheep are used as female parents, and the Charolais sheep is used as a male parent. The invention further discloses matched fattening fodder for raising the novel strain of meat sheep. The method and the matched fattening fodder have the advantages that diarrhea of lambs in weaning periods can be reduced by the aid of the fodder, body physiological functions of the sheep, the growth rates of the sheep in later periods and fodder digestion and utilization can be improved, the method and the matched fattening fodder are matched with modern genetic breeding and reproducing techniques, and accordingly the novel strain raising success rate can be effectively increased; the meat performance of the novel strain of the meat sheep raised by the aid of the method and the matched fattening fodder can be improved on the basis that the high reproductive capacity of a variety of the Hu sheep is maintained.

The invention relates to a method for pairing carps to breed offspring seeds and belongs to the technical field of aquatic product fry cultivation. The method comprises the steps of respectively selecting two genealogies from genealogies ranking the top 10 in average estimation seed breeding value, selecting female fish growing fastest in one genealogy and male fish growing fastest in the other genealogy, respectively injecting hasten parturition hormone to the female fish and the male fish, placing the female fish and the male fish in the same pond after completion of injection, and then placing fish nests in the pond for collecting germ cells. The germ cells can hatch for cultivation production in 5-7 days at water temperature of 18-22 DEG C. According to the method, the female carps and the male carps which are good in shape and far from each other in genetic relationship are respectively selected for pairing breeding, so that high-quality carp seeds which are quick in growth and neat in specification are produced.

The invention relates to the field of aquatic product inheritance breeding, in particular to a construction method of Portunus trituberculatus fast-growth strain. The genome microsatellite of breeding materials are utilized to serve as molecular markers; according to the molecular marker, obtaining a group which has obvious reproductive isolation in hereditary constitution as a hybridization group, and carrying out hybridized combination to the hybridization group to obtain the Portunus trituberculatus fast-growth strain. The invention can utilize the species genetic resources to the utmost, which is favorable for more scientifically cultivating the Portunus trituberculatus fast-growth strain.

The invention discloses multi-character selection breeding method of fish and shrimps. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly obtaining individual selection indexes and family selection indexes according to measured values of breeding target characters, then reserving stocks and hybridizing according to the selection indexes, building family mating groups and finally obtaining bred populations of the next generation. Moreover, when the individual selection indexes are obtained, the stock reservation rate and the heritability of breeding target characters are firstly calculated according to the measured values of the breeding target characters, expected selection intensity is calculated according to the stock reservation rate, then an expected selection response and a corresponding weighted value of each breeding target character are obtained according to the expected selection intensity, the heritability and the standard difference of a standardized breeding value, and finally the individual selection indexes are obtained by using the weighted value. Therefore, the subjectivity and the randomness during calculation of the weighted value are eliminated, the reliability and the accuracy of the breeding method are high, and the comprehensive genetic progress of multi-character selection is improved.

The invention discloses an aquatic animal selective breeding method adopting a group as a unit, and the method comprises the following steps of establishing a basic group adopting the group as a unit to form a current generation group; acquiring a group selective index; sorting a seed group and a seed individual; selecting pairing groups, establishing a mating group, and generating a next generation group; setting a virtual male parent and a virtual female parent for each next generation group; and repeating the steps to acquire the needed next generation group. By utilizing the selective breeding method, the technical difficulty that the breeding target trait test, genealogy establishment and orientation mating of aquatic animals of the individuals or family marks cannot be implemented can be effectively solved, the genetic evaluation of multiple breeding target traits and multiple generations can be realized, and the selection progress and the selection accuracy of the breeding target traits can be improved.

The invention relates to the field of aquatic product inheritance breeding, in particular to a construction method of Portunus trituberculatus fast-growth strain. The genome microsatellite of breeding materials are utilized to serve as molecular markers; according to the molecular marker, obtaining a group which has obvious reproductive isolation in hereditary constitution as a hybridization group, and carrying out hybridized combination to the hybridization group to obtain the Portunus trituberculatus fast-growth strain. The invention can utilize the species genetic resources to the utmost, which is favorable for more scientifically cultivating the Portunus trituberculatus fast-growth strain.

The invention relates to a breed conservation, screening and breed production method in tilapia complete set lines, comprising the following steps of: construction of complete set line base populations rich in hereditary variation, establishment of operation procedures of family production and management in the complete set lines, marking of individuals in the complete set lines, genetic evaluation analysis of important production traits and establishment of individual mating selection programs in the complete set lines. The invention also provides a hybrid breed production method between twolines of complete sets, which is established by utilizing the method. The method disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of high pertinence, high selection breeding efficiency, capability of effectively preventing parent inbreeding depression of the complete set lines and the like; the harvest weight of the hybrid fine breed of tilapia is averagely increased by more than 30% than that of control groups; and the culture survival rate is also obviously higher than that of the control groups. According to the invention, a new technical approach is developed for cultivation of fish fine breeds; particularly a new selection breeding method is applied in the breed conservation, the screening and the breed production of the complete set lines in fish hybrid breeding; and the method isalso suitable for being popularized and applied in all cultured fishes and has broad popularization and application prospects.

The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of good offspring seeds of economic marine shellfish, in particular to a backcross seed production method for hybrid scallops of argopecten purpuratus and argopecten purpuratus. A large number of unfertilized eggs or eggs with low fertilization rate of hybrid scallops of argopecten purpuratus and argopecten purpuratus are utilized to perform interspecific backcross with high-concentration semen of argopecten purpuratus, so that the seed production efficiency and yield of backcross first-generation scallops are improved, and high-quality backcross first-generation scallop seedlings which are fast in growth, large in size, high in corm yield and strong in stress resistance are obtained. According to the method, the proportion of hermaphrodite argopecten purpuratus and argopecten purpuratus hybrid scallop backcross offspring and argopecten purpuratus backcross offspring can be remarkably increased, so that backcross scallop offspring seeds with remarkable growth advantages, high survival rate, high stress resistance and high yield are prepared on a large scale; in addition, the method can be used for preparing hermaphrodite scallop interspecific hybridization commodity fries with extremely remarkable heterosis on a large scale.

The invention relates to a method for breeding carp quickly and efficiently. The method is characterized by comprising the following culture steps of: establishing 80 first breeding families by taking carp and Yellow River carp as basic breeding colonies, hatching fish fry in net cages and performing early culture; injecting radio frequency marks into abdominal cavities of 50 fish fry selected from each family by using a syringe and individually marking; evaluating the breeding value of each fish fry by using ASReml software and according to a BLUP method; performing matched breeding on male fish with the evaluated breeding values in the first ninety places and female fish with the evaluated breeding values in the first ninety places, and establishing second breeding families; performing matched breeding on 20 male fish with the evaluated breeding values closest to 0 and 20 female fish with the evaluated breeding values closest to 0, and establishing second control families; and afterthe female fish are matched with the male fish, transferring fish nests with oosperms into hatching net cages to hatch to obtain the second generation of fish fry. By the method, the carp can be bredquickly and efficiently; inbreeding depression is avoided; and breeding can be performed for a long time.

The invention discloses a method for raising a novel strain of meat sheep. The method includes carrying out crossing on Hu sheep and Australian white sheep to obtain a first crossed generation of flock of sheep; carrying out crossing on high-quality ewes of the first crossed generation of flock of Australian-Hu sheep and Charolais sheep to obtain a second crossed generation of flock of sheep; carrying out athwart crossing and fixation on the second crossed generation of flock of sheep; appropriately introducing 'new blood' into the second crossed generation of flock of sheep to prevent inbreeding depression; ultimately raising the novel strain of meat sheep by means of strict feeding and management and ideal typical individual selection. The Hu sheep is used as a female parent, and the Australian white sheep is used as a male parent. The high-quality ewes of the first crossed generation of flock of Australian-Hu sheep are used as female parents, and the Charolais sheep is used as a male parent. The invention further discloses matched fattening fodder for raising the novel strain of meat sheep. The method and the matched fattening fodder have the advantages that diarrhea of lambs in weaning periods can be reduced by the aid of the fodder, body physiological functions of the sheep, the growth rates of the sheep in later periods and fodder digestion and utilization can be improved, the method and the matched fattening fodder are matched with modern genetic breeding and reproducing techniques, and accordingly the novel strain raising success rate can be effectively increased; the meat performance of the novel strain of the meat sheep raised by the aid of the method and the matched fattening fodder can be improved on the basis that the high reproductive capacity of a variety of the Hu sheep is maintained.

The invention discloses a breeding method for a new strain of meat and fur coat dual-purpose good-breed small-tailed han sheep and belongs to the field of animal breeding. Small-tailed han ewes and tan rams hybridize, the tan rams and German merino ewes hybridize, and dorper rams and the German merino ewes hybridize to obtain an F1 generation of sheep which are called as han-tan sheep, merino-tan sheep and merino-dorper sheep; the excellent han-tan ewes and the merino-tan rams are selected from the F1 generation of sheep to hybridize, and the excellent merino-tan rams and the merino-dorper ewes are selected form the F1 generation of sheep to hybridize to obtain an F2 generation of sheep which are called as han-merino-tan sheep and merino-tan-dorper sheep; the excellent han-merino-tan ewes and the merino-tan-dorper rams are selected from the F2 generation of sheep to hybridize again to obtain an F3 generation of sheep; the ewes and the rams of the F3 generation are crossbred to obtain a first crossbred generation of sheep, and through performing closed breeding and propagation expanding on the first crossbred generation, the new strain of meat and fur coat dual-purpose good-breed small-tailed han sheep is obtained. The new strain of bred good-breed small-tailed han sheep are high in reproduction rate and growth speed at an early stage and high in quality of meat and fur coats.

A method for fugu obscura group-family-molecular comprehensive genetic breeding, comprising the steps of: first carrying out group breeding for four consecutive generations, after the group selection, two populations with relatively obvious separation of traits appear as the next step of family selection With the help of molecular marker technology to assist the construction of the family, the offspring produced by the parents of each family are raised separately, and the basic population with the family as the unit is established to form a large production unit, and each independent production unit is grouped For selection and breeding, six selections are carried out in the three breeding stages, the commercial fish cultivation stage and before maturity, and the above steps are repeated for the next generation of breeding. The advantages of the present invention are: the dominant parent can be efficiently selected, and at the same time, genetic analysis can be carried out by using molecular marker technology, the genetic status of the parents can be understood before breeding, and the pairing of the parents can be guided, so as to achieve the purpose of combining scientific research and production, and Effectively realize the selection of dominant individuals in the family, and combine optimal breeding and resource utilization.