The invention discloses a monitoring device in a fish spawning site protection area and aims at providing a monitoring device through which the visual angle range of monitoring shooting/photographing of a shooting device or a photographing device of the monitoring device for a spawning site can be effectively enlarged on the premise that the endurance time of the monitoring device is not affected. The monitoring device comprises a buoyancy device, a connecting rope, a supporting frame, a transparent box, a vertical guide pipe, a piston, a lower limiting block, a reset spring, a vertical flow guiding pipe and a cleaning flow guiding pipe, wherein the transparent box is rotationally arranged on the supporting frame through a vertical rotating shaft, the vertical guide pipe is arranged on the supporting frame, the piston is arranged in the vertical guide pipe in a sliding manner, the lower limiting block is arranged on the inner side face of the vertical guide pipe and located below the piston, the piston can be moved downwards and reset through the reset spring, the vertical flow guiding pipe is arranged on the supporting frame, and the cleaning flow guiding pipe is arranged on the supporting frame. The shooting device and/or the photographing device are/is arranged in the transparent box. One end of the vertical rotating shaft stretches into the vertical flow guiding pipe, and a drive impeller is arranged on the vertical rotating shaft and located in the vertical flow guiding pipe.