The invention discloses an automatic detection system for the traditional-Chinese-medicine quality. Traditional-Chinese-medicine original images are collected, outlines of target areas are partitioned, the images are subjected to noise removing, a neural network PCNN corresponds to the images, central neuron corresponds to pixel points of the images, multi-wavelength LED lamps are illumed respectively, several LED lamps capable of motivating remarkable fluorescence signals are selected and alternately illumed, traditional-Chinese-medicine samples with fluorescence spectrums of 300 nm-1,100 nm are collected, the one-dimensional time-series signal characteristics of all two-dimensional images are extracted, characteristic information is stored, the airspace characteristics of traditional-Chinese-medicine microscopic images are extracted, and the traditional-Chinese-medicine quality is detected. According to the automatic detection system, the traditional-Chinese-medicine external parameters are synthetically evaluated with the electronic technology, the traditional-Chinese-medicine inherent quality is automatically detected by combing traditional-Chinese-medicine chemical-component content parameters, safety detection parameters and conventional detection parameters, the detection standard is objective and uniform, and accurate medicine making can be achieved.