The invention relates to an HEVC interframe coding quick mode selection method, comprising the following steps of: 1, inputting frame video data; 2, selecting a coding tree unit (CTU) to be estimated; 3, calculating the depth estimation range of the current CTU; 4, selecting a CU to be estimated in the current CTU; 5, estimating a large size interframe prediction unit (PU) mode; 6, selecting to estimate a small size interframe PU mode or not; 7, estimating a symmetrical interframe PU mode; 8, selecting to estimate an asymmetrical interframe PU mode or not; 9, estimating an interframe PU mode; 10, selecting the optimum PU mode of the current CU; 11, ending the judgment of the CU partition; 12, repeating the steps 4 to the steps 11 until estimation of all CUs is completed; and 13, repeating the steps 2 to the steps 12 until estimation of all CTUs in the current frame is completed. According to the HEVC interframe coding quick mode selection method, the coding time of the HEVC can be effectively reduced, and meanwhile the good rate-distortion performance is kept.