The invention discloses a distribution network reconstruction optimization method based on multi-objective optimization. The method includes the following implementation steps that the current system losses, the load balance index and the minimum node voltage of a distribution network are respectively calculated, whether reconstruction optimization is needed or not is judged, if reconstruction optimization is needed, the distribution network is reconstructed, and then an optimal topological structure is acquired; when the load balance index or the minimum node voltage exceeds threshold values, network reconstruction operation is directly executed, when only the system losses exceed threshold values, an economic benefit evaluation index needed for switching the distribution network from the current topological structure to the optical topological structure is calculated, and if the index is larger than a designated threshold value, it is judged that economic benefit evaluation passes and the network reconstruction operation is executed; or else evaluation does not pass and the network reconstruction operation is not executed. The reconstruction optimization effect of the distribution network is good, economic benefit evaluation can be conducted before execution of the network reconstruction operation, waste is avoided, use is convenient, resources are saved, and economical efficiency and safety are good.