A preparation method of a fence-type aluminum rod-lead alloy anode plate for electrowinning of nonferrous metals

Abstract

The invention discloses a fence-type aluminum bar lead alloy anode plate for non-ferrous metal electrodeposition and a preparation method of the fence-type aluminum bar lead alloy anode plate. The fence-type aluminum bar lead alloy anode plate for non-ferrous metal electrodeposition comprises an aluminum or aluminum alloy conductive beam (1), a copper-aluminum explosive composite conductive head (2) and a fence-type anode plate bracket (3), wherein the copper-aluminum explosive composite conductive head (2) is welded on the conductive beam; the fence-type anode plate bracket (3) is welded below the aluminum or aluminum alloy conductive beam (1), and is assembled by aluminum bar lead alloy composite anode bars; the aluminum bar lead alloy composite anode bars forming the fence-type anode plate bracket are fixed by virtue of an insulating edge-clamping strips (4); the insulating edge-clamping strips are welded with one another to form an overall frame; and a layer of beta-PbO2-polyaniline conductive ceramic (5) covers the surface of the fence-type anode plate bracket. Compared with a traditional lead-based alloy anode plate, the fence-type aluminum bar lead alloy anode plate has the advantages that the electrical conductivity is significantly improved; the bath voltage can be reduced by 12%; the material cost is reduced by 30%; and the current efficiency is improved by 2%-5%.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemistry, and specifically relates to the technical field of an anode plate for nonferrous metal electrowinning and a preparation method thereof. Background technique [0002] In the process of wet extraction of zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium and other metals, lead and lead alloys are still used as anode materials at present. The disadvantages are: high cell voltage (3.4-3.8V), low current efficiency (75- 88%), high energy consumption in the electrowinning process (3400-4200 degrees / ton of zinc), short service life of the anode (0.5-1 year), easy dissolution of anode lead into the cathode product, resulting in a decline in the quality of the cathode product. In order to reduce the energy consumption of zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium and other electrolytic deposition and prevent the pollution of cathode products by anode lead. In-depth research and development...

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Problems solved by technology

[0002] In the process of wet extraction of zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium and other metals, lead and lead alloys are still used as anode materials at present. The disadvantages are: high cell voltage (3.4-3.8V), low current efficiency (75- 88%), high energy consumption in the electrowinning process (3400-4200 degrees / ton of zinc), short service life of the anode (0.5-1 year), easy dissolution of anode lead into the cathode product, resulting in a decline in the quality of the cathode product

[0003] 1. Lead-silver alloy (containing 0.5-1.0% silver) anode: the manufacturing process is simple, but the cost is higher due to the higher silver content, Pb-Ag-Ca ternary alloy anode and Pb-Ag-Ca-Sr quaternary alloy The plate has the advantages of high strength, corrosion resistance, long service life, and low cost, but it is prone to localized corrosion during use, and the anode sludge on the surface is hard and difficult to remove, resulting in high cell voltage and large loss of silver and calcium during anode recovery.

[0004] 2. Dimensionally stable anode (coated with precious metal or its oxide) on titanium-based surface: its shape and size are stable, and there is no short circuit problem caused by deformation and bending; the cathode grade rate is high; the plate is light in weight, easy to handle and handle Replacement; but the life is short, the titanium substrate is easy to passivate, and the metal used in the anode coating is easy to cause burning board phenomenon, etc.

But the PbO produced by electroplating in this way 2 As an insoluble anode, the electrode will have the following problems in use: (1) PbO 2 The deposition layer is not tightly combined with the electrode surface or the deposition layer is uneven; (2) PbO 2 The deposited layer is porous and rough, with large internal stress; (3) PbO 2 The deposited layer is easy to peel off or corrode, and the service life is not long

[0006] 4. The anode obtained by mutual dissolution of light metal aluminum as the inner core and the outer layer of lead alloy through casting or electroplating: there are some difficult problems to solve. First, it cannot solve the fluidity of the lead alloy liquid and the partial anode plate There may be holes; the second is that there will be some grain boundary gaps in the coating, and the oxygen generated during electrolysis will pass through the grain boundary gaps of the coating to form an aluminum oxide matrix with poor conductivity, which will deteriorate the performance of the anode

The prior art pretreated lead anode surface is α-PbO 2 , is an orthorhombic crystal structure, and its conductivity is poor (its intrinsic resistivity is β-PbO 2 7 times), and the hardness is low

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