The invention provides a construction method of a height-adjustable safety guardrail device. The method is characterized in that protection guardrails and guardrail height locking mechanisms are arranged between adjacent fixed stand columns, wherein the protection guardrails comprises fixed guardrails and movable guardrails, wherein the movable guardrails comprise movable guardrail upper bars, middle cross rods and a plurality of connecting rods, wherein the middle cross rods are located between the movable guardrail upper bars and the fixed guardrails, and the plurality of parallel connectingrods are arranged between the movable guardrail upper bars and the middle cross rods and between the fixed guardrails and the middle cross rods in a hinged mode. According to the method, the height of the movable guardrails can be adjusted according to needs, so that when soil taking, soil digging and other operations are carried out beside foundation pits and on trestles, the no-guardrail workside operation state is effectively avoided, and the safety risk of the workside operation is reduced; and in addition, the connecting rods are obviously shortened by additionally arranging the middle cross rods, so that the lateral space at the two ends of the movable guardrails does not need to be utilized for folding, the strength of the movable guardrails can be improved, and the height of the movable guardrails can be increased.