61 results about "Indium tin oxide electrodes" patented technology

Provided are multilayered touch panel stacks and methods for forming thereof. The stacks include refractive index matching layers to minimize light losses. Specifically, the stacks may comprise a substrate, one, two, three, or four refractive index matching layers deposited on the substrate, and one or two transparent conductive layers such as indium tin oxide electrode layers. The stack may be attached to a light emitting element or be a part of an LCD or OLED displays. The refractive index matching interlayers may be based on a polymer solution having about 0.1%-30% by weight of specific rigid rod-like polymer molecules. The molecules may include various cores, spacers, and side groups to ensure their solubility, viscosity, and cross-linking ability. The refractive index matching interlayer may have a refractive index in between of about 1.60-1.80.

The present invention discloses a photoelectric sensor for detection of kinase activity on the basis of local area surface plasma resonance. The biosensor is prepared as follows: a semiconductor material metal oxide is modified onto an indium tin oxide electrode (ITO), then Kemptide, PKA, and a probe are assembled onto the electrode layer by layer, since the probe contains noble metal nanoparticles and photosensitizer tris (bipyridine) ruthenium, under visible light irradiation, the photosensitizer tris (bipyridine) ruthenium captures more photons, local area surface plasma resonance effect of the noble metal nanoparticles occurs under photon excitation, so that more electrons jump onto a semiconductor metal oxide conduction band to produce photocurrent. The biosensor quantitative detection is based on that different concentrations of PKA cause different extents of phosphorylation of Kemptide, so that the amount of the probe connected to the modified electrode is also different, and photocurrent changes are caused. The method has high sensitivity and selectivity, enzyme inhibition experiments also show that the method achieves the purpose of efficient and sensitive detection of the kinase PKA activity.

The invention provides etching solution, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5 to 30 percent of cerium ammonirm nitrate, 10 to 40 percent of phosphoric acid and 2 to 20 percent of nitric acid. The etching solution has little damage to an indium tin oxide electrode when etching an Al-Cr composite metal deposition layer on the surface of the indium tin oxide electrode.

The invention relates to a high-performance perovskite solar cell. The high-performance perovskite solar cell comprises an indium tin oxide electrode layer, a hole transport layer PEDOT:PSS, a perovskite layer CH<3>NH<3>PbI<3-x>Cl<x>, an electron transport layer PCBM, a silver electrode layer and an amino-modified graphene oxide layer GO:NH<3>, wherein the indium tin oxide electrode layer, the hole transport layer PEDOT:PSS, the perovskite layer CH<3>NH<3>PbI<3-x>Cl<x>, the electron transport layer PCBM and the silver electrode layer are sequentially arranged; and the amino-modified graphene oxide layer GO:NH<3> is arranged between the hole transport layer PEDOT:PSS and the perovskite layer CH<3>NH<3>PbI<3-x>Cl<x>. The invention further provides a preparation method of the high-performance perovskite solar cell. The amino-modified graphene oxide layer GO:NH<3> is formed on the hole transport layer PEDOT:PSS, and a composite hole transport layer is formed by synergistic action of the amino-modified graphene oxide layer GO:NH<3> and the hole transport layer PEDOT:PSS, so that the device performance and stability of the perovskite solar cell can be effectively improved.

Provided is a One Glass Solution touch panel, comprising: a substrate, a shielding indium tin oxide layer, a black matrix frame arranged on the substrate, metal wiring arranged above the black matrix frame, a metal bridge formed in a touch sensitive area, an insulation layer formed on the metal bridge, an indium tin oxide electrode layer arranged on the metal wiring, the metal bridge and the insulation layer, and a passivation layer arranged on the indium tin oxide electrode layer, wherein an insulation protection layer is at least arranged above the black matrix frame and below the metal wiring. Also provided at the same time are a method for manufacturing a One Glass Solution touch panel and a touchscreen display comprising the One Glass Solution touch panel. According to this disclosure, in the process of manufacturing the touchscreen, when each of the other layers is manufactured with the position thereof being aligned with the metal wiring, the sputtering of a BM by a metal can be prevented, thereby ensuring the cleanliness of a chamber.

The present disclosure provides a one glass solution touch panel comprising a substrate, a shielding indium tin oxide layer, a black matrix frame arranged on the substrate, metal wirings arranged above the black matrix frame, a metal bridge formed in a touch sensing region, an insulating layer formed on the metal bridge, indium tin oxide electrode layers arranged on the metal wirings, the metal bridge and the insulating layer, and passivation layers arranged on the indium tine oxide electrode layers. An insulating and protecting layer is at least arranged above the black matrix frame and under the metal wirings. Meanwhile, the present disclosure further provides a method for manufacturing the one glass solution touch panel, and a touch panel display comprising the one glass solution touch panel. According to the present disclosure, the production process of the touch panel may prevent metal from sputtering the BM and ensure the chamber to be clean when other respective layers and metal wirings are in the position aligning production.

A three-dimensional ITO electrode and the method of fabricating the same are disclosed. The three-dimensional ITO electrode of the present invention has a conductive layer and a plurality of ITO nanorods formed on the conductive layer, wherein the length range of the ITO nanorods can vary from 10 nm to 1500 nm. The best length is about 50 nm-200 nm for organic solar cells. When applied into organic optoelectronic devices such as organic solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), the three-dimensional structure of the ITO electrode may increase the contact area to the active layer, thus improving the electric current collecting efficiency and uniformity of current spreading (flowing). Also, an evaporator, a solar cell comprising the above three-dimensional ITO electrode, and the method of fabricating the solar cell are disclosed.

The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a perovskite solar cell capable of being spliced and a preparation method thereof. On the basis of an electrode capable of being spliced prepared by aligned carbon nanotubes and self-repair polymers, a perovskite solar cell capable of being spliced with good flexibility and photoelectric conversion efficiency can be prepared. A strong hydrogen bonding effect can be formed between the self-repair polymers and an indium tin oxide electrode, the aligned carbon nanotubes and the indium tin oxide electrode are contacted and firmly spliced together, a simple and convenient serial connection is realized, and no any wire or circuit is needed. The solar cell obtained after splicing has good flexibility and structural stability, and can be widely applied to fields such as a flexible device, a wearable device and a portable energy device.

The invention discloses ectrochromatic glass which comprises two pieces of glass with indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes on the surfaces. The indium tin oxide electrodes of the glass are opposite to each other and a filling area is reserved between the electrodes. The edges of the electrodes are glued by using filling glue. A bistable state liquid crystal is poured in the filling area and reversed under drive of voltage. The ectrochromatic glass provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that for the ectrochromatic glass, the ITO electrodes are formed on one surface of the glass, the two pieces of glass with the ITO electrodes are glued and the filling area is reserved between the electrodes, and then the bistable state liquid crystal is poured in the filling area. When the electrodes are applied with voltage, the liquid crystal is reversed and switched between transparency and non-transparency so as to change the transmissivity and the transparency. Furthermore, when the state is triggered once, power can be cut off, and the liquid crystal is maintained in a special reversing state so as to save energy sources. In addition, a line can be further formed on the ITO electrodes, so that the ectrochromatic glass is partially transparent and partially non-transparent, therefore, the light transmittance can be further improved.

The invention discloses a method for electrochemical detection of lead ions of an ordered silicon nano-pore film / indium tin oxide electrode. The method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing the sample to be tested with the buffer solution to obtain liquid to be tested with pH of 3.6 to 6; (2) using the ordered silicon nano-pore film / indium tin oxide electrode as the working electrode, gathering the lead ions in the liquid to be tested by the constant voltage method with the gathering voltage of 0.8-0. 6V; (3) placing the gathered electrode in the buffer solution of pH value at 3.6-6.0, measuring the peak current by means of the differential pulse voltammetry method, and according to the standard curve, calculating the concentration of the lead ions in the sample to be tested, wherein the starting potential of the differential pulse voltammetry is 0.95-0.65V and the termination potential is 0.4-0.5V. The method of the invention can realize the detection of trace lead ions, and has potential application value in the detection of the actual sample, especially the detection of the biological complex sample.

The invention provides a method of the indium-tin oxide film. First, form the amorphous indium-tin oxide film on the backing, then change it into the polycrystalline indium-tin oxide film by fast hot anneal. In addition, it also is provided a polycrystalline indium-tin oxide electrode. First, form the amorphous indium-tin oxide film on the backing, then make the wiring pattern on it, last to change it into the polycrystalline indium-tin oxide electrode by fast hot anneal.

The invention discloses an etchant for patterning indium tin oxide and a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device. Wherein, the etchant is a mixed solution of HCl, CH3COOH and water; the method includes the following steps: forming a gate on the substrate; forming a gate insulating layer and an amorphous silicon layer on the gate including the substrate; Form the active area by patterning the amorphous silicon layer; form the source and drain on the active area; form a passivation layer on the source, drain, and gate insulating layers; form pinholes to expose a part of the drain forming an indium tin oxide layer on the passivation layer; using a mixed solution of HCl, CH3COOH and water as an etchant to selectively etch the indium tin oxide layer to form an indium tin oxide electrode.

The invention belongs to the technical field of gratings, and particularly provides a phase type liquid crystal grating with electrically-controlled continuous tuning diffraction spot positions and a manufacturing method of the phase type liquid crystal grating. The phase type liquid crystal grating comprises an upper substrate and a lower substrate opposite to the upper substrate. The upper substrate comprises upper substrate glass, a comb-like electrode layer and an upper orientation layer which are arranged in sequence. The lower substrate comprises lower substrate glass, a comb-like electrode layer and a lower orientation layer. The portion between the upper orientation layer and the lower orientation layer is filled with nematic phase liquid crystals; the inner sides of the upper and lower glass substrates are plated with transparent conducting film indium tin oxide electrode films, the indium tin oxide electrode films are manufactured into the first comb-like electrode and the second comb-like electrode through an etching method; an angle of 90 degrees is formed between the first glass substrate comb-like electrodes. According to the phase type liquid crystal grating of the novel structure, liquid crystal molecule deflection can be controlled by changing the voltage of the comb-like electrodes, different voltage liquid crystal molecules deflect differently, and diffractive light at different positions has different optical path differences, so that changes of the diffraction position are achieved.

This invention relates to a polymer dispersed liquid crystal type light control body using a nickel deposited electrode or a nickel-chromium alloy deposited electrode instead of an existing indium tin oxide electrode, including: two electrode substrates having electrodes, and a light control layer formed between the two electrode substrates, wherein at least one of the two electrode substrates includes a nickel-based electrode. The light control body can exhibit superior near-infrared blocking effects in ON state, and can also manifest peel adhesion strength, pendulum hardness of a film, haze and contrast ratio adapted for commercial applications thereof, ultimately achieving energy saving performance due to heat ray blocking effects as well as cost reductions.

The invention discloses a novel window capable of adjusting light rays automatically and relates to windows. According to the technical scheme, the novel window capable of adjusting the light rays automatically comprises a window framework, a window frame, electric control photochromic glass, a movable component, a power source, a control switch, a single-chip microcomputer and an optical inductor. The electric control photochromic glass comprises two transparent layers and a photochromic layer located between the two transparent layers. The photochromic layer is a polymethyl methacrylate polymer photochromic layer. The inner surfaces of the two transparent layers are respectively provided with an indium tin oxide electrode layer. The power source, the control switch and the indium tin oxide electrode layers are connected in series. The optical sensor is located outside the window frame outdoors and connected with the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer is connected with the control switch. The novel window capable of adjusting the light rays automatically has the advantages that the light transmittance of the polymethyl methacrylate polymer photochromic layer is changed along with change of voltage, the state of the electric control photochromic glass is converted from the transparent state to the opaque state, so that the light rays of the window are automatically adjusted, manual adjustment is not needed, a curtain is omitted, capital is saved, and the novel window can be conveniently adjusted by a user.

The invention relates to a double-enzyme sensor and the equipment and the application, belonging to the technology field of double-enzyme sensor and microbiological test for water. The sensor comprises substrate of glass rod, nanometer indium tin oxide electrode, horseradish peroxidase and multiple phenoloxidase. The nanometer indium tin oxide electrode is attached on the surface of substrate of glass rod in film shape. The multiple phenoloxidase and horseradish peroxidase are attached on the surface of nanometer indium tin oxide electrode in turn respectively in film shape. On the substrate of glass rod attached by nanometer indium tin oxide electrode double-enzyme sensor is prepared as 3-animo propyl triethoxy silane is assembled by itself on the nanometer indium tin oxide electrode; Schiff base is formed by glutaraldehyde; and multiple phenoloxidase and horseradish peroxidase are bonded on the nanometer indium tin oxide electrode in chemical bond in turn. The double-enzyme sensor is used as working electrode and quick measurement for the concentration of Escherichia coli in water is realized by measuring the current through the working electrode in chronoamperometry.

The invention belongs to the field of advertising, and particularly relates to an advertisement player. The player comprises a casing and a video player, the video player is installed in a casing, anopening is formed in a side wall, close to a video player display screen, of the casing, double-layer glass is installed in the opening, a sealed interlayer is formed between the double-layer glass, inner walls of the glass on both sides of the sealed interlayer are plated with transparent indium tin oxide electrode layers, the sealed interlayer is filled with a transparent silver ion solution, aheat conducting sheet is fixedly connected with a heat dissipation opening of the video player, a side wall, away from the video player, of the heat conducting sheet is fixedly connected with a temperature difference power generating board, the side wall, away from the opening, of the casing is provided with a temperature difference conduction port corresponding to the temperature difference powergenerating board, the temperature difference power generating board is disposed close to the temperature difference conduction port, and a storage battery is installed in the casing. The player provides a mirror function and a video playing function, greatly saves space occupation, and is simple to operate and convenient to use.

Thin-film transistor display devices include composite electrodes which provide low resistance contacts and paths for electrical signals and are less susceptible to parasitic metal migration which can limit display quality and lifetime. In particular, a thin-film transistor (TFT) display device is provided having an insulated gate electrode on a face of a substrate (e.g., transparent substrate) and a semiconductor layer on the insulated gate electrode, opposite the face of the substrate. Spaced apart source and drain electrodes are also provided on the semiconductor layer. These source and drain electrodes each preferably comprise a composite of at least two layers containing respective metals therein of different element type. Preferably, one of the layers comprises a metal which is capable of forming a low resistance contact with electrodes such as a pixel electrode (e.g., transparent indium-tin-oxide electrode) and the other of the layers comprises a relatively low resistance metal so that the overall effective resistance of each composite electrode is maintained at a low level.

The invention discloses a novel liquid crystal display screen of a black matrix structure. The novel liquid crystal display screen comprises two glass substrates. The inner surfaces of the two glass substrates are each provided with a layer of black mask. The two black masks on the two glass substrates are each provided with an ITO conductive layer. The ITO conductive layers are indium tin oxide electrodes used for displaying pixel patterns and wrap the black masks. A liquid crystal layer is arranged between the two ITO conductive layers. The upper end face and the lower end face of the liquid crystal layer are provided with matched alignment films. The upper end face of the upper glass substrate and the lower end face of the lower glass substrate are provided with an upper polaroid and a lower polaroid respectively. According to the liquid display screen, the problem that a short circuit is likely to be caused between two ITO electrodes is solved, transmission of light at the non-display pixel position, namely the gap between the ITO electrodes is blocked, the light transmittance of a non-display pixel is lowered, the contrast ratio of a display pixel to the non-display pixel is improved, the visual angle of the liquid crystal display screen is increased, the production yield is high, and the service life is long. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the liquid crystal display screen.

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a demisting device by using an alternating current electrowetting principle. The method comprises the following steps: sputtering an indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive layer on the surface of common glass to form a transparent electrode; and spin-coating Teflon on the surface of the transparent electrode and drying to form a hydrophobic layer. The transparent electrodes are a pair of interdigitated electrodes, and the light transmittance of the transparent electrodes is more than 80%. The thickness of the transparent electrode is 10 nm to 1 mm. The thickness of the hydrophobic layer is 0.1 micron to 0.1 mm. According to the method, although the voltage needed by alternating current electrowetting driving is large, the needed current is extremely small, and therefore the power needed by driving is extremely small; as the indium tin oxide electrodes are the transparent electrodes, the device does not cause adverse effects on the light transmission of the glass; the demisting glass has simple and easily available materials and is simple in processing technology, so that the demisting glass can be produced, processed and used on a large scale.

The invention discloses an energy-saving dynamic lamp which comprises a lampshade shell; a transparent glass plate is embedded in the inner wall of the lampshade shell; a hollow interlayer is arrangedin the transparent glass plate; a plurality of sliding plug strips are hermetically connected to the inside of the hollow interlayer; counterweight blocks are embedded in the sliding plug strips; theplurality of sliding plug strips divide the hollow interlayer into a plurality of sealed chambers; and each sealed chamber is filled with a silver ion solution. By means of a power supply device, different sealed chambers are continuously powered on or off along with the change of music, silver ions form a mirror surface on the surface of an indium tin oxide electrode layer when getting power, orthe silver ions return to the sealed chambers of the solutions and become transparent after losing the power, so that the light emitting position can be continuously changed along with the continuouschange of the sound frequency, the dynamic effect can be realized without installing a plurality of lamp beads, electric energy is greatly saved, influences of an electric field and vibration in an environment where the lamp is located are avoided, the service life is long, noise is avoided during use, and the user experience is good.

The invention relates to a low-cost frame-free capacitive touch screen and a manufacturing method of the low-cost frame-free capacitive touch screen. The low-cost frame-free capacitive touch screen comprises a main board with single-layer longitudinal indium tin oxide electrodes, a longitudinal hot-pressed flexible circuit board and an IC component. Each unit electrode is provided with a protrusive head serving as a unit electrode wire in the direction of the hot-pressed region of the longitudinal hot-pressed flexible circuit board, and indium tin oxide electrode patterns are multiple unit electrode patterns which are arrayed on the basis of a rule and provided with the electrode wires, the longitudinal flexible circuit board is connected with the main board with the single-layer longitudinal indium tin oxide electrodes, and the IC component is placed on the flexible circuit board or the main board. The manufacturing method includes the technology steps that (1), the indium tin oxide electrode patterns are manufactured on indium tin oxide glass through a laser etching technology or an etching paste technology or an acid-resisting technology; (2), a hot-pressing technology is used for performing hot pressing on the flexible circuit board with a touch IC and a semi-finished product manufactured through the first step, wherein the temperature of hot pressing is 170 DEG C-180 DEG C, and the hot pressing time is 12 s-15 s; (3), the functions of the product are tested so that an unqualified product can be distinguished.

The invention relates to a tunable laser, in particular to a novel high-intensity emitting tunable liquid crystal dye laser, which comprises four glass base plates and three liquid crystal layers, wherein three liquid crystal layers are clamped among the base plates, indium tin oxide electrode films are plated at the inner sides of the two inner glass base plates, first orientation films are printed on the indium tin oxide electrode films, pure liquid crystal layers are clamped between the orientation films, indium tin oxide electrode films are plated on the outer sides of the two inner glassbase plates and the inner sides of the two outer glass base plates, silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide multilayer films are respectively and alternately plated on the indium tin oxide electrode films, second orientation films are printed on the multilayer films, and liquid crystal layers containing laser dye are clamped between the inner glass base plates and the outer glass base plates. The phase of emergent light is turned through liquid crystals so that the emitting light forms the interference at the receiving part to reach the goal of enhancing the emitting intensity.

The invention discloses a quartz crystal microbalance with an annular indium tin oxide electrode. The quartz crystal microbalance comprises a quartz crystal microbalance body, the annular indium tin oxide electrode prepared above the quartz crystal microbalance body and a round gold electrode below the quartz crystal microbalance body. The annular indium tin oxide electrode is led to the back of the quartz crystal microbalance body through a conductive material at the edge of the quartz crystal microbalance body. Silver nanoparticles are arranged in a transparent region in the middle of the annular indium tin oxide electrode to combine with localized surface plasmon resonance technology. According to high sensitivity and high resolution of the quartz crystal microbalance, the measurement error can be reduced to a very low level, and the design of the annular electrode can make the central region pervious to light, so that the two technologies of the quartz crystal microbalance and thelocalized surface plasmon resonance in different principles are structurally fused to form a dual technology chip with the annular electrode. The technology has a good technical prospect for complex-structure molecular characterization testing and high-sensitivity DNA and RNA detection.

The invention relates to a copper phthalocyanine conjugated graphite carbon nitride nano composite material, a modified electrode and a preparation method. The preparation process comprises the following steps: carrying out heating reaction on melamine to obtain a graphite carbon nitride solid, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment in concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain graphite carbon nitride nanosheets; carrying out ultrasonic treatment on copper phthalocyanine and the graphite carbon nitride nanosheets in ethanol to prepare a copper phthalocyanine conjugated graphite carbon nitride nano composite material; preparing the copper phthalocyanine conjugated graphite carbon nitride nano composite material into a suspension in ethanol, and then coating of an indium tin oxide electrode withthe suspension is carried out to prepare the copper phthalocyanine conjugated graphite carbon nitride nano composite material modified electrode. According to the invention, the copper phthalocyanineconjugated graphite carbon nitride nano composite material can be prepared by mainly utilizing an ultrasonic method, and shows relatively strong electrocatalytic activity; the corresponding modified electrode has high sensitivity and high selectivity, and can simultaneously determine ascorbic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid and other antioxidants.

The invention discloses a photoelectrochemical sensor preparation method based on efficient and stable in-situ growth of a titanium dioxide / nanogold photo-anode. The preparation method comprises the following steps: cleaning ITO (indium tin oxide) slices of an indium tin oxide electrode; sequentially putting the ITO slices into acetone, ethanol and an ultrapure water solution for ultrasonic treatment; wiping with an ethanol cotton ball, washing with ultrapure water, annealing in a culture dish with one side of ITO upward, taking out the ITO slices, and carrying out plasma and ozone treatment;spin-coating a tetraisopropyl titanate, butyl titanate or ethyl titanate precursor on the treated ITO slices, and then annealing a spin-coated ITO substrate to obtain an ITO / TiO2 electrode; and cooling the ITO / TiO2 electrode to room temperature, and carrying out in-situ gold nanoparticle loading to obtain an ITO / TiO2 / Au NPs photo-anode. The photoelectrochemical sensor has the advantages of being efficient, uniform, stable, high in preparation repeatability, simple in structure, good in storage stability, good in detection repeatability, sensitive to miRNA-21, specific to miRNA-21 and the like,and is used for detecting miRNA.

The invention proposes a magnetic control graphene field effect transistor sensor, and a manufacturing method, a measuring method and a detecting method thereof. The manufacturing method comprises thesteps of: transferring graphene onto a glass plate provided with indium tin oxide electrodes as a channel between the two electrodes; using a reaction chamber which is made of a glass material and adhered on the surface of a graphene film as a sample cell for accommodating an electrolyte; injecting PBASE dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO into the sample cell, keeping the liquid for a set timeat room temperature, so that the PBASE completely reacts with the graphene, and removing the unreacted PBASE; introducing a probe aptamer into MGFET, and incubating the probe aptamer with the PBASE for a set time at room temperature, so that the probe aptamer fully reacts with the PBASE, and removing the unreacted probe aptamer; and adding a conjugate of magnetic nanoparticles and complementary DNA into the MGFET for a set time, so that the complementary DNA and the probe aptamer are completely combined. The resistance of the magnetic control graphene field effect transistor sensor is modulated by means of a magnetic field serving as a back gate, the impedance thereof changes with the intensity of the magnetic field, and the magnetic control graphene field effect transistor sensor exhibitsgood sensitivity.

The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular relates to a splicable perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The invention is based on a splicable electrode prepared by aligned carbon nanotubes and self-repairing polymers, and prepares a splicable perovskite solar cell with good flexibility and photoelectric conversion efficiency. The self-healing polymer can form a strong hydrogen bond with the indium tin oxide electrode, so that the aligned carbon nanotubes and the indium tin oxide electrode are in contact and spliced ​​together firmly, realizing a simple series connection without any wires or circuits . The solar cells obtained after splicing have good flexibility and structural stability, and can be widely used in fields such as flexible devices, wearable devices, and portable energy devices.

The invention provides a method of the indium-tin oxide film. First, form the amorphous indium-tin oxide film on the backing, then change it into the polycrystalline indium-tin oxide film by fast hot anneal. In addition, it also is provided a polycrystalline indium-tin oxide electrode. First, form the amorphous indium-tin oxide film on the backing, then make the wiring pattern on it, last to change it into the polycrystalline indium-tin oxide electrode by fast hot anneal.