The invention discloses a laser-induced wheel pair surface strengthening and finishing processing method so as to solve the problems of small microhardness, poor wear resistance, large surface roughness, long production period and severe environment pollution and the like in a conventional wheel pair manufacture process. The method comprises the following steps: 1) the wheel pair surface strengthening step: mixed powders formed by TiO2, formamide and carbon black are input with nitrogen and acetylene and the mixed powders are blown; laser beams slantly radiate the mixed powders and the nitrogen; and a wheel is rotatably arranged in the nitrogen and acetylene gas atmosphere, and Ti (C, N) is generated on a wheel pair metal surface through in-situ composite; and 2) the wheel pair finishing processing step: a neutral electrolyte is input between the wheel obtained after the laser-induced strengthening and a cathode, a clamp plate clamps the wheel to rotate, and the cathode carries out feed movement simultaneously, and finishing process is carried out on the surface of the wheel pair through the pulse electrochemical technology. The method enhances wheel pair hardness, improves surface wear resistance, reduces surface roughness and improves fatigue life.